歐拉恆等式

歐拉恆等式是指下列的關係式:

:

其中e\,是自然對數的底,i \,是虛數單位,\pi \,是圓周率。

這條恆等式第一次出現於1748年,瑞士數學、物理學家萊昂哈德·歐拉在洛桑出版的書《无穷小分析引论》。這是複分析的歐拉公式之特殊情況。

證明
: e^{ix} = \cos x + i \sin x \,\!(歐拉公式)

: e^{i \pi}=\cos \pi+ i \sin \pi\,(代入x=\pi \,)

: (因和)

:

與歐拉恆等式有關的文學作品
《博士熱愛的算式》(),小川洋子著,臺灣版本由王蘊潔翻譯,二版,麥田出版社,2008年,ISBN 978-986-173-408-8。

参见

  • 欧拉公式

參考文獻

Conway, John H., and (1996), [https://books.google.com/books?id=0--3rcO7dMYC&pg=PA254 The Book of Numbers] , Springer

(10 May 2004), "[http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/2004/may/10/the-greatest-equations-ever The greatest equations ever] ", **' [registration required]

(1999), Euler: The Master of Us All, Mathematical Association of America

Euler, Leonhard (1922), [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k69587.image.r=%22has+celeberrimas+formulas%22.f169.langEN Leonhardi Euleri opera omnia. 1, Opera mathematica. Volumen VIII, Leonhardi Euleri introductio in analysin infinitorum. Tomus primus] , Leipzig: B. G. Teubneri

Kasner, E., and Newman, J. (1940), Mathematics and the Imagination, Simon & Schuster

Maor, Eli (1998), : The Story of a number, Princeton University Press

Nahin, Paul J. (2006), Dr. Euler's Fabulous Formula: Cures Many Mathematical Ills, Princeton University Press

Paulos, John Allen (1992), Beyond Numeracy: An Uncommon Dictionary of Mathematics, Penguin Books

Reid, Constance (various editions), From Zero to Infinity, Mathematical Association of America

Sandifer, C. Edward (2007), [https://books.google.com/books?id=sohHs7ExOsYC&pg=PA4 Euler's Greatest Hits] , Mathematical Association of America

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#Wells, David (1990), "Are these the most beautiful?", **', 12: 37–41,
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