宇宙 (系统)

宇宙（英语：Cosmos）是人类对于客观宇宙（英語：Universe）所理解的产物。

一般来说，英语詞「cosmos」所表示的是一个有序且和谐的系统。它源自于古希腊语詞「κόσμος（kosmos）」，原義是秩序或装饰，於混乱（chaos）的概念正好相反。但相對客觀宇宙不必然允含有序且和諧的意味。汉语中的宇宙表示上下四方为宇，古往今来为宙。

现今这个词经常作为源自于拉丁语的Universe（宇宙）的同义词，具體的分別是宇宙指謂的是外延，宇宙（系統）指內涵。

哲学
整合理论
古希腊人关于宇宙的概念
宇宙学
宇宙的年龄和大小
宇宙的特性
空间

时间

基本作用力

寻求统一

宇宙的定义

附录
引用
外部链接

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080412094332/http://www.shekpvar.net/~dna/Publications/Cosmos/cosmos.html Cosmos – an Illustrated Dimensional Journey from microcosmos to macrocosmos] – from Digital Nature Agency
[http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/search/image_set/20?by_subject=star&tabs=hidden JPL Spitzer telescope photos of macrocosmos]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20080210211117/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhiana.cgi?id=dv3-16 Macrocosm and Microcosm], in Dictionary of the History of Ideas
[https://web.archive.org/web/20140923030415/http://www.eocosmos.org/ Encyclopedia of Cosmos] This is in Japanese.
[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cosmic merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cosmic]
[http://8cosmos.com/ Cosmos] Illustrated Encyclopedia of Cosmos and Cosmic Law
[http://books.google.com/books?id=jYHtp6kx8qgC&source=gbs_book_other_versions Greene, B. (1999). The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory. W.W. Norton, New York ]
[http://books.google.com/books?id=0CO2iwfzRJkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Hawking, S. W. (2001). The Universe in a Nutshell. Bantam Book.]
[http://books.google.com/books/about/Origins.html?id=eh3_GfqlDlMC Yulsman, T. (2003). Origins: The Quest for our Cosmic Roots. Institute of Physics Publishing, London.]