埃克曼输送是指风引起的海水流動。風吹拂表层海水時海面會被施加摩擦力，从而牵引上层10-100米厚的水体随之运动。但由于受科里奥利力的影响，即海水在运动时会受到与运动方向呈90°夹角的力作用，导致水体运动方向与风向产生偏角。这一现象最早由弗里乔夫·南森记录，他在1890年代的北极探险中发现冰层移动方向与风向存在夹角。
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