交通流

交通流（）為在運輸工程當中所研究旅客（包括行人、骑车人、司机及其车辆）和基础设施（包括高速公路、标志牌和交通控制装置）之间相互作用的一門學科。目的是了解並優化交通网络，使之具有高效的交通疏導能力並使交通堵塞问题最小化。早在20世纪20年代，就有人試圖構建交通流数学理论。

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延伸閱讀
一項關於交通流建模現況的調查：
N. Bellomo, V. Coscia, M. Delitala, On the Mathematical Theory of Vehicular Traffic Flow I. Fluid Dynamic and Kinetic Modelling, Math. Mod. Meth. App. Sc.*, Vol. 12, No. 12 (2002) 1801–1843
S. Maerivoet, [https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/1979/348/2/dissertation-svenmaerivoet.pdf Modelling Traffic on Motorways: State-of-the-Art, Numerical Data Analysis, and Dynamic Traffic Assignment]*, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2006
*M. Garavello and B. Piccoli, Traffic Flow on Networks, American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Springfield, MO, 2006. pp. xvi+243
*Carlos F.Daganzo, "Fundamentals of Transportation and Traffic Operations.", Pergamon-Elsevier, Oxford, U.K. (1997)
[https://www.springer.com/engineering/mechanical+eng/book/978-3-642-02604-1 B.S. Kerner, Introduction to Modern Traffic Flow Theory and Control: The Long Road to Three-Phase Traffic Theory*, Springer, Berlin, New York 2009]
Cassidy, M.J. and R.L. Bertini. "Observations at a Freeway Bottleneck." Transportation and Traffic Theory* (1999).
Daganzo, Carlos F. "A Simple Traffic Analysis Procedure." Networks and Spatial Economics* 1.i (2001): 77–101.
Lindgren, Roger V.F. "Analysis of Flow Features in Queued Traffic on a German Freeway." Portland State University* (2005).
Ni, B. and J.D. Leonard. "Direct Methods of Determining Traffic Stream Characteristics by Definition." Transportation Research Record* (2006).

從物理角度來看，以下書籍很有用：
*[https://www.springer.com/physics/complexity/book/978-3-642-32459-8 M. Treiber and A. Kesting, "Traffic Flow Dynamics", Springer, 2013]
[https://www.springer.com/physics/complexity/book/978-3-540-20716-0 B.S. Kerner, The Physics of Traffic*, Springer, Berlin, New York 2004]
*[http://xstructure.inr.ac.ru/x-bin/theme2.py?arxiv=cond-mat&level=2&index1=28 Traffic flow on arxiv.org]
May, Adolf. Traffic Flow Fundamentals*. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1990.
Taylor, Nicholas. [http://www.contram.com/download/NETS_CONTRAM_DTA.pdf The Contram dynamic traffic assignment model]* TRL 2003