符號奠基問題，又稱符號接地問題（英語：Symbol grounding problem）在认知科学和语义学中指的是「单词（通常指符号）如何獲得含義」的問題，與意義本身是什麼的問題關係密切。而意義問題與心理狀態是如何有意義的問題相關，因此符號奠基問題也與意識難題有關（即某些物理系統與主觀經驗的內容之間的聯繫是什麼？）。
參見
*
*
*
- 意識
- 形式语言
- 形式系統
*
- 詮釋學
- 物理符號系統
- 语用学
- 语义学
*
- 符號學
- 記號
*
*
- 句法
- 图灵机
笔记
参考文献
: 注意： 本文基于最初发表于《自然/麦克米伦认知科学百科全书》中的条目，此条目此后由作者和維基百科社群进行了修订。
- Blondin Masse, A, G. Chicoisne, Y. Gargouri, S. Harnad, O. Picard, O. Marcotte (2008) How Is Meaning Grounded in Dictionary Definitions? TextGraphs-3 Workshop, 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Coling 2008, Manchester, 18–22 August 2008
- Cangelosi, A. & Harnad, S. (2001) [http://cogprints.org/2036/ The Adaptive Advantage of Symbolic Theft Over Sensorimotor Toil: Grounding Language in Perceptual Categories.] Evolution of Communication 4(1) 117–142.
- Cangelosi, A.; Greco, A.; Harnad, S. [http://cogprints.org/2132/ From robotic toil to symbolic theft: grounding transfer from entry-level to higher-level categories.] Connection Science12(2) 143–62.
- Fodor, J. A. (1975) The language of thought. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell
- Frege, G. (1952/1892). On sense and reference. In P. Geach and M. Black, Eds., Translations of the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Oxford: Blackwell
- Harnad, S. (1990) [http://cogprints.org/3106/ The Symbol Grounding Problem.] Physica D 42: 335–346.
- Harnad, S. (1992) [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/6464/ There Is Only One Mind/Body Problem] . Symposium on the Perception of Intentionality, XXV World Congress of Psychology, Brussels, Belgium, July 1992 International Journal of Psychology 27: 521
- Harnad, S. (1994) [http://cogprints.org/1592/ Computation Is Just Interpretable Symbol Manipulation: Cognition Isn't.] Minds and Machines 4:379–390 (Special Issue on "What Is Computation")
- Harnad, S. (1995) [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/3347/ Why and How We Are Not Zombies.] Journal of Consciousness Studies 1: 164–167.
- Harnad, S. (2000) [http://cogprints.org/2615/ Minds, Machines and Turing: The Indistinguishability of Indistinguishables] . Journal of Logic, Language, and Information 9(4): 425–445. (Special Issue on "Alan Turing and Artificial Intelligence")
- Harnad, S. (2001a) [http://cogprints.org/4023/ Minds, Machines and Searle II: What's Wrong and Right About Searle's Chinese Room Argument?] In: M. Bishop & J. Preston (eds.) Essays on Searle's Chinese Room Argument. Oxford University Press.
- Harnad, S. (2001b) [http://cogprints.org/1624/ No Easy Way Out.] The Sciences 41(2) 36–42.
- Harnad, Stevan (2001a) [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/5943/ Explaining the Mind: Problems, Problems] . The Sciences 41: 36–42.
- Harnad, Stevan (2001b) [http://cogprints.org/2130/ The Mind/Body Problem is the Feeling/Function Problem: Harnad on Dennett on Chalmers] . Technical Report. Department of Electronics and Computer Sciences. University of Southampton.
- Harnad, S. (2003) [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/7718/ Can a Machine Be Conscious?] [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/7718/ How?.] Journal of Consciousness Studies 10(4–5): 69–75.
- Harnad, S. (2005) [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/11725/ To Cognize is to Categorize: Cognition is categorization.] in Lefebvre, C. and Cohen, H., Eds. Handbook of Categorization. Elsevier.
- Harnad, S. (2007) [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/7741/ The Annotation Game: On Turing (1950) on Computing, Machinery and Intelligence.] In: Epstein, Robert & Peters, Grace (Eds.) The Turing Test Sourcebook: Philosophical and Methodological Issues in the Quest for the Thinking Computer. Kluwer
- Harnad, S. (2006) [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/12092/ Cohabitation: Computation at 70 Cognition at 20.] In Dedrick, D., Eds. Essays in Honour of Zenon Pylyshyn.
- [http://www.macdorman.com MacDorman, Karl F.] (1999). Grounding symbols through sensorimotor integration. Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan, 17(1), 20–24. [http://www.macdorman.com/kfm/writings/pubs/MacDorman1999GroundingSymbolsSMInteg.pdf Online version]
- [http://www.macdorman.com MacDorman, Karl F.] (2007). Life after the symbol system metaphor. Interaction Studies, 8(1), 143–158. [http://www.macdorman.com/kfm/writings/pubs/MacDorman2007SymbolSystemMetaphor.pdf Online version]
- Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1984) Computation and cognition. Cambridge MA: MIT/Bradford
- Searle, John. R. (1980) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204614/http://www.class.uh.edu/phil/garson/MindsBrainsandPrograms.pdf Minds, brains, and programs.] Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3(3): 417–457
- Taddeo, Mariarosaria & Floridi, Luciano (2005). The symbol grounding problem: A critical review of fifteen years of research. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 17(4), 419–445. [http://web.comlab.ox.ac.uk/oucl/research/areas/ieg/research_reports/ieg_rr210605.pdf#search=%22taddeo%20symbol%20grounding%20problem%2 Online version]
- Turing, A.M. (1950) [https://web.archive.org/web/20020820042130/http://cogprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/archive/00000499/ Computing Machinery and Intelligence.] Mind 49 433–460 [Reprinted in Minds and machines. A. Anderson (ed.), Engelwood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall, 1964.]
评论 (0)