布里頓-諾曼BN-2島民飛機

布里顿-诺曼 BN-2 岛民（英文：Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander）是英国的轻型通用飞机与支线客机。由英国布里顿-诺曼公司设计制造。目前750架在用。全世界超过30个国家的军队或执法机构使用该型号飞机。

开发
起源
1953年, Britten-Norman was formed for the purpose of converting and operating agricultural aircraft, amongst other vehicles such as the Cushioncraft hovercraft. In 1963, the firm initiated development work upon what would become the Islander, having sensed a demand for a single and inexpensive twin-piston engine aircraft. and Desmond Norman, had observed the rapid growth of the commuter airline sector, and concluded that capacity was of a higher value to these operators than either range or cruising speed, thus the Islander emphasized payload over either of these attributes. To reduce manufacturing costs, both the wings and tail surfaces maintain a constant chord and thickness, while the ribs within the aircraft's wing are all identical; both rivets and external fishplate joints are used for the same purpose. The type was originally intended to use a fabric-and-steel design. A light alloy monocoque approach was adopted instead. The IO-360B engines were later replaced by more powerful Lycoming O-540-E engines, which were located further outboard on the wings, for superior single-engine climb performance. To expand production, a contract was placed with Intreprinderea de Reparatii Material Aeronautic (IRMA) of Romania, initially to assemble kit-form aircraft, which were then sent to the UK for completion. In August 1969, the first Romanian-assembled Islander performed its first flight. More than 500 of the type were manufactured in Romania.

1970年，a military version of the Islander, marketed as the Defender, conducted its first flight. Modifications included the addition of underwing hardpoints for armaments/equipment, and the main cabin area being fitted out for light troop transport and support aircraft duties.

Fairey Aviation set about the development of a more powerful model, the Turbo Islander, equipped with a pair of Lycoming LTP101 turboprop engines. However, testing revealed that the LTP101 engines were too powerful for the aircraft; thus, following a period of re-designing, the project evolved into the Turbine Islander (BN-2T), equipped with a pair of Allison 250 turboprop engines instead. This aircraft was subject to 18 months of flying trials to test the suitability of the ducted fan as a means of reducing aircraft noise; these tests reportedly demonstrated a 20 decibel noise reduction as well as increased thrust and reduced pollution.

In 1978, a further improved version, the BN-2B Islander II, was produced as a result of a product improvement program. The BN-2B model involved several changes, including a redesigned cockpit and a reduction in cabin noise levels. By May 2006, a greater sales emphasis was being placed upon the Defender over the Islander. In December 2006, aerospace publication Flight International observed that: "The only civil aircraft that remains in production in the UK is the tiny Britten-Norman Islander". In May 2010, Britten-Norman announced that manufacturing of the Islander would be relocated from Romania to a new site in the UK, due to the rising costs of production in Romania.

Electric Project Fresson
Supported by Britten-Norman, Cranfield Aerospace wants to develop an electric propulsion system for the over 700 Islanders currently operated.

Trislander
In 1968, the original second Islander prototype was re-used for a further development programme, being modified into a stretched aircraft with greater capacity, referred to as the Super Islander. However, the Super Islander programme was aborted without proceeding to certification. Britten-Norman promotes the Islander's low direct operating costs, minimal maintenance, and its stability in flight as major attributes of the aircraft.

The original Islander was designed with an emphasis upon providing ease of access within the short haul sector to remote locations as a safe, efficient, and profitable transport aircraft.

Designed as a small and inexpensive commuter/utility aircraft, various cabin configurations and equipment loadouts are available to suit a wide variety of different purposes, including charter flights, scheduled flights, agricultural uses, aerial firefighting, air freight VIP/executive transport, aerial surveillance, air ambulance, paradropping, and law enforcement. The Islander services Loganair's Westray to Papa Westray flight, the shortest scheduled flight in the world at ; the scheduled flight time including taxiing is two minutes.

Several commuter airlines and general aviation charter operators in the U.S. also flew the Islander including Stol Air Commuter in scheduled passenger service in northern California from their San Francisco International Airport (SFO) hub and Channel Islands Aviation in southern California which used the aircraft for the flights to Channel Islands National Park. Another U.S. commuter airline operator was Wings Airways which operated high frequency shuttle service into the Philadelphia International Airport (PHL).

By October 2019, 800 Islanders were in service including around 600 used for short flights.

型号
来源:

;BN-2
:Prototype first flown in 1966 with two 260 hp Lycoming O-540-E4B5 piston engines.

;BN-2A
:Production version with minor modification from prototype and increased takeoff weight.

;BN-2A-2
:A BN-2A with modified flaps, and two 300 hp Lycoming IO-540-K1B5 (fuel injected) engines.

;BN-2A-3
:A BN-2A-2 with increased wingspan and fitted with extra wingtip fuel tanks.

;BN-2A-6
:A BN-2A with wing leading edge modifications and two 260 hp Lycoming O-540-E4C5 engine.

;BN-2A-7
:A BN-2A-6 with increased wingspan and fuel capacity.

;BN-2A-8
:BN-2A-6 的下垂翼版本。

;BN-2A-9
:BN-2A-7 的下垂翼版本。

;BN-2A-10
:A BN-2A-8 with increased takeoff weight and 270 hp Lycoming TIO-540-H1A (turbo-charged, fuel injected) engines.

;BN-2A-20
:A BN-2A-2 with increased takeoff weight and minor improvements.

;
:相比于BN-2A-3，增加了起飞时的载重量。

;BN-2A-23
:ABN-2A-21 的鼻锥延长版本。

;BN-2A-24
:BN-2A-26 的鼻锥延长版本。

;BN-2A-25
:A BN-2A-27 的鼻锥延长版本。

;BN-2A-26
:相比于BN-2A-8，增加了起飞时的载重量。

;
:相比于BN-2A-9，增加了起飞时的载重量。

;BN-2A-30
:A BN-2A-20 fitted with floats. Twin floats were attached to the undercarriage legs and incorporated retractable landing gear.

;BN-2A-41
:Turbo Islander with lengthened nose, droop flaps and two Lycoming LTP-101 turboprops, first flown in 1977.

;Britten-Norman BN-2B Defender

:Defender military variant with 300 hp IO-540-K1B5 engines and underwing hard points and military modifications.

;BN-2B-20
:A BN-2A-20 with improved soundproofing and increased landing weight and other minor modifications.

;BN-2B-21
:A BN-2A-21 with Model B improvements.

;
:A BN-2A-26 with Model B improvements.

;BN-2B-27
:A BN-2A-27 with Model B improvements.

;BN-2T
:Turbine Islander based on BN-2A-26 with two 320 shp Allison 250-B17C turboprops. Seating for up to 9 passengers.

;Islander AL1
:Variant of the BN-2T for communications and reconnaissance duties with the British Army; seven built. Used for aerial reconnaissance and photography in Northern Ireland during Operation Banner by No. 1 Flight, Army Air Corps based at Aldergrove. Redesignated Islander R1 in 2019 after being transferred to the Royal Air Force.

;Islander CC2 and CC2A
:Variant of the BN-2T for the Royal Air Force; three operated. These aircraft were retired from the RAF in 2017.

;Maritime-Defender
:Armed maritime reconnaissance and patrol aircraft.

;BN-2A-III Trislander
:Three-engined Trislander, a stretched BN-2A with 18 seats and three 260 hp Lycoming O-540-E4C5 piston engines.

用户
军用与执法
在用
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• 缅甸空军

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• 柬埔寨王家空军

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• 塞浦路斯空军

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• 芬兰空军

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• 印度海军

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• 以色列空军

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• 牙買加國防軍

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** 尼泊爾陸軍航空隊
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• 巴基斯坦海军

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• 菲律賓海軍 - 用于侦察联络。许可制造
• 菲律宾海岸警卫队 - 用于侦察、搜救

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• 卡塔尔皇家空军

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• 卢旺达国防军

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• 塞舌尔空军

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• 南非空軍

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• 苏里南空军

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• 北爱尔兰警察
• 英國皇家空軍 - R Mk1型号2019年从英国陆军调入。 2017年部署了 CC Mk2型号

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• 委内瑞拉陆军

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以前
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• 安哥拉空军

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• 西斯凱国防军

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*皇家香港輔助空軍
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*伊拉克空軍
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• 菲律賓空軍 - 许可制造

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• 罗德西亚空军

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• 罗马尼亚空军

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• 阿布迪拜国防军空军

民用
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*Lady Elliot Island Eco-Resort (Seair Pacific)
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*阿巴科航空
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*- 前用户
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*(2)

• Alair MHA Enterprises (1)
• Gillam Air Services (1) - 前用户
• Gold Belt Air Transport - 前用户
• Great River Air (2)

*- 前用户

• Northstar Air Tours (1)

*(1)

• Sander Geophysics (2)
• South Nahanni Airways (1)
• Strait Air - 前用户
• Top of the World Flying Services - 前用户
• Tsayta Aviation (1)
• Villers Air Services (1)
• Wagner Aviation - 前用户

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*Archipiélagos Aviación operates the two Islanders in Chile and the former South Pacific Korp aircraft
*South Pacific Korp
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*- 拥有3架岛民：BN-2A-9 (OY-DZV), BN-2A-20 (OY-RPZ)，BN-2B-26 (OY-CFV)
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*Emetebe Airlines Galapagos
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*Avies Ltd.
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• 太平洋太陽航空

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• Air Hamburg
• Bremerhaven Airline

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• Helgoland Airlines
• Holiday Express

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• Stuttgarter Flugdienst
• 汉堡航空

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• 前用户

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*Aer Arann Islands

• 爱尔兰警察

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*Ayit Aviation
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*Aertirrena
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• 第一航空
• 旭伸航空 - 2008年10月1日停运
• 新中央航空

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• 琉球空中通勤
• 海豚航空

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*珊瑚太陽航空 (2)
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*馬拉維航空
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*馬來西亞國際航空
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*Aero Taxis de CV
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• (2)
• (1)

*向風快運航空 (2)
*向風群島航空
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• Wanaka
• 奥克兰 (4)
• 奥克兰 (2)

*前用户
*前用户

• Queenstown
• Invercargill
• Kaikoura

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• Aero Taxi Intl

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• ANSA
• AVIATUR
• Aviones de Panama S.A.
• PARSA
• TRANSPASA

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*Mid-Sea Express
*Pacificair
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• - Azores Islands

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*- 葡属东帝汶
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*Regional Air Services

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*玻里尼西亞航空
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*大鵬航空
*國華航空
*群鷹翔國土資源航空
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• - 前用户
• 2Excel Aviation Ltd

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• APEM Aviation - 前用户

*, (海峡群岛) (1968 - c.1990)

• 蓝色群岛航空, (海峡群岛)
• Channel Islands Air Search, (海峡群岛)
• - 前用户
• 前用户

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*大曼彻斯特警察局 前用户
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• 洛根航空

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• Precision Terrain Surveys Ltd
• 前用户
• Skydive Headcorn

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Gem Air LLC- Salmon, Idaho

*- Florida - 前用户
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*- Florence, South Carolina - 前用户

• AmericAir - Washington Dulles International Airport - 前用户
• 美属萨摩亚政府

*- Boise, Idaho

• Cape Air
• Channel Islands Aviation - Camarillo, California
• Commutaire International Airways - Florida - 前用户
• Great Northern Air
• Griffing Flying Service - Port Clinton, Ohio
• Harbor Airlines - Oak Harbor, Washington State
• Homer Air - Alaska
• Iliamna Air Taxi - Alaska

*- 美属萨摩亚
*- Florida
*- Kodiak, Alaska
*- Beaver Island, Michigan (4) - 在用
*- Juneau, Alaska
*- McCall, Idaho

• Munz Northern Airlines - Nome, Alaska (12) - 前用户

*- Westerly, Rhode Island - 在用

• Pelican Airways
• Princeton Airways - Princeton Airport, New Jersey - 前用户

*- Alaska
*- Salmon, Idaho -前用户
*- Friday Harbor, Washington State
*- Kodiak, Alaska

• Slocum Airlines - Florida - 前用户
• SouthCentral Air - 阿拉斯加 前用户
• - Guam - 前用户

*- San Francisco, California - 前用户

• Tropic Air Charters - Ft. Lauderdale, Florida

*- 前用户

• Williams Air - 前用户

*- Blue Bell, Pennsylvania - 前用户
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*瓦努阿图航空
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*卢萨卡

事故
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• 2012年大鵬航空BN-2空難
• 委內瑞拉環空BN-2A-27墜毀事件 2013年

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技术性能 (BN-2A 岛民)
参见
参考文献
引用
书目

• Fricker, John. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2ltM0KXJ3WYC&pg=PA75 "The Britten-Norman Islander."] Flying, April 1968. Vol. 82, No. 4. ISSN 0015-4806. pp. 75–77.
• Green, William. The Observer's Book of Aircraft. London. Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd., 1976. .
• Hamilton-Paterson, James. Empire of the Clouds: When Britain's Aircraft Ruled the World. Faber & Faber, 2010. .
• The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1985.
• Lake, Jon. "Aircraft of the RAF - Part 8 Islander." Air International, Vol 75 Number 6, December 2008, pp. 44–46.
• Ripley, Tim and Chappel, Mike. Security forces in Northern Ireland (1969-92). Osprey, 1993. .
• Simpson, R.W. Airlife's General Aviation. London: Airlife Publishing, 1991, p. 190. .