沙门菌属(学名:)又称沙門氏菌屬,泛称沙门菌、沙门氏菌,是肠杆菌科下的一个属,革兰氏阴性,无芽孢,无荚膜,多数有周生鞭毛和菌毛。沙门菌可引起肠热症(伤寒、副伤寒)、胃肠炎、败血症等。
沙门菌由美国病理学家(Daniel Elmer Salmon)最早发现,目前已发现1800种以上,按抗原成分可分为甲、乙、丙、丁、戊等基本菌型;其中肠道沙门菌下有六个亚种,超过2600个血清型。沙门菌可經由人、貓、狗、蟑螂、老鼠等途徑污染食品。
沙门菌大多数能引起家畜、鼠类和禽类等动物的疾病,少数种能引起人类的疾病,但有时人吃了含菌食物也引起食物中毒。与人类疾病有关的主要有甲组的副伤寒甲杆菌,乙组的副伤寒乙杆菌和鼠伤寒杆菌,丙组的副伤寒丙杆菌和猪霍乱杆菌,丁组的伤寒和肠炎杆菌。
下属物种
本属包括以下物种:
- Salmonella arizonae (Borman 1957) Kauffmann 1964,异名
- 邦戈沙門氏菌 Salmonella bongori (Le Minor et al. 1985) Reeves et al. 1989
- 猪霍乱沙门菌 Salmonella choleraesuis corrig. (Smith 1894) Weldin 1927,异名
- 腸道沙門氏菌 Salmonella enterica (ex Kauffmann and Edwards 1952) Le Minor and Popoff 1987
- 肠炎沙门菌 Salmonella enteritidis (Gaertner 1888) Castellani and Chalmers 1919,异名
- 鸡沙门菌 Salmonella gallinarum
- 副伤寒沙门菌 Salmonella paratyphi (ex Kayser 1902) Ezaki et al. 2000,异名
- 鸡白痢沙门菌 Salmonella pullorum
- Salmonella subterranea Shelobolina et al. 2005
- 伤寒沙门菌 Salmonella typhi (Schroeter 1886) Warren and Scott 1930,异名
- 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 Salmonella typhimurium (Loeffler 1892) Castellani and Chalmers 1919,异名,鼠伤寒沙门菌 = Salmonella enterica
註釋
參見
- 沙門氏菌感染症
外部連結
*[http://smallcollation.blogspot.com/2013/01/salmonella-enterica.html 微生物免疫學-Salmonella enterica(腸道沙門氏菌)]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090115230327/http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Salmonella_Questions_%26_Answers/index.asp Background on Salmonella] from the [http://www.fsis.usda.gov/ Food Safety and Inspection Service] of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20080708230355/http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome United States Department of Agriculture]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070225095211/http://epi.ufl.edu/food/ Salmonella as an emerging pathogen] from IFAS
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20040926084532/http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/salmonellanom.html Notes on Salmonella nomenclature]
- Genome information is available at the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170713110229/http://www.ericbrc.org/ NIAID Enteropathogen Resource Integration Center (ERIC)]
- [http://www.tgw1916.net/movies.html Salmonella motility ] video
*[https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/Page/VAL8VSwJKYLQp_ydA-UHgg 【沙門氏菌感染症】疾病介紹 - 衛生福利部疾病管制署]
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