Q导数也称为杰克逊导数,乃是一般导数的Q模拟,由英国数学家创立。
定义
函数f(x)的q-导数定义如下:
:\left(\frac{d}{dx}\right)_q f(x)=\frac{f(qx)-f(x)}{qx-x}.
或书写为 D_qf(x).
:D_q= \frac{1}{x} ~ \frac{q^{d~~~ \over d (\ln x)} -1}{q-1} ~,
当as q → 1时,化为寻常的导数, → d⁄dx,
关系式
q-导数算符是一个线性算子:
:\displaystyle D_q (f(x)+g(x)) = D_q f(x) + D_q g(x)~.
:\displaystyle D_q (f(x)g(x)) = g(x)D_q f(x) + f(qx)D_q g(x) = g(qx)D_q f(x) + f(x)D_q g(x).
:\displaystyle D_q (f(x)/g(x)) = \frac{g(x)D_q f(x) - f(x)D_q g(x)}{g(qx)g(x)},\quad g(x)g(qx)\neq 0.
若 g(x) = c x^k. 则
:\displaystyle D_q f(g(x)) = D_{q^k}(f)(g(x))D_q(g)(x).
q-导数 的本征值是q-指数 eq(x).
与导数的关系
:\left(\frac{d}{dz}\right)_q z^n = \frac{1-q^n}{1-q} z^{n-1} =
[n]_q z^{n-1}
其中 [n]_q 是n的 q括号
并且 \lim_{q\to 1}[n]_q = n .
一个函数的n阶导数为:
:(D^n_q f)(0)=
\frac{f^{(n)}(0)}{n!} \frac{(q;q)_n}{(1-q)^n}=
\frac{f^{(n)}(0)}{n!} [n]_q!
:f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty f^{(n)}(0)\,\frac{z^n}{n!} = \sum_{n=0}^\infty (D^n_q f)(0)\,\frac{z^n}{[n]_q!}
例子
D_{q}sin(x)={\frac {\sin \left( qx \right) -\sin \left( x \right) }{ \left( q-1
\right) x}}
D_{q}tanh(x)={\frac {\tanh \left( qx \right) -\tanh \left( x \right) }{ \left( q-1
\right) x}}
参见
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- Q指数
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参考文献
- F. H. Jackson (1908), On q-functions and a certain difference operator, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., 46 253-281.
- Exton, H. (1983), q-Hypergeometric Functions and Applications, New York: Halstead Press, Chichester: Ellis Horwood, 1983, ISBN 0853124914, ISBN 0470274530, ISBN 978-0470274538
- Victor Kac, Pokman Cheung, Quantum Calculus, Universitext, Springer-Verlag, 2002. ISBN 0-387-95341-8
延伸阅读
- J. Koekoek, R. Koekoek, [http://arxiv.org/abs/math/9908140 A note on the q-derivative operator], (1999) ArXiv math/9908140
- Thomas Ernst, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150824041046/http://www2.math.uu.se/research/pub/Ernst4.pdf The History of q-Calculus and a new method],(2001),
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