扇形(Circular sector)指圓上被兩條半徑和半徑所截之一段弧所圍成的圖形。因形狀如一把扇子而得名。圓形不是一種扇形。
弧长
扇形的弧长∝圆心角。
- L=\theta r(弧度制)
- L = 2 \pi r \cdot \frac{\theta}{360^\circ}(角度制)
面积
扇形的面积∝圆心角:
- A = \pi r^2 \cdot \frac{\theta}{2\pi} = \frac{r^2\theta}{2}(弧度制)
- A = \pi r^2 \cdot \frac{\theta}{360^\circ}(角度制)
扇形的面积∝弧长:
- A = \pi r^2 \cdot \frac{L}{2 \pi r} = \frac{rL}{2}
扇形面积的积分形式:
- {\displaystyle A=\int _{0}^{\theta }\int _{0}^{r}dS=\int _{0}^{\theta }\int _{0}^{r}{\tilde {r}}\,d{\tilde {r}}\,d{\tilde {\theta }}=\int _{0}^{\theta }{\frac {1}{2}}r^{2}\,d{\tilde {\theta }}={\frac {r^{2}\theta }{2}}} (弧度制)
周长
扇形的周长由弧长和两个半径组成:
- P=L+2r=\theta r+2r=r(\theta +2)(弧度制)
弦长
- C = 2r \ sin \frac {\theta} {2}(弧度制)
附加性質
*圓锥的側面展開圖是扇形。
*弓形指扇形割去或補上由弦和兩條半徑所組成的三角形的部分。
参见
- 弓形
- 圆锥曲线
- 弧度制
参考来源
- Gerard, L. J. V. The Elements of Geometry, in Eight Books; or, First Step in Applied Logic, London, Longman's Green, Reader & Dyer, 1874. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4jMDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA285 p. 285]
外部链接
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20111011014600/http://www.mathopenref.com/arcsector.html Definition and properties of a circle sector] with interactive animation
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