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拜占庭历

Wikipedia · 2026-02-23 维基百科 👁 1 阅读

拜占庭曆是一套拜占庭（东罗马）帝国与东正教会历史上使用过的历法，历史上被称作“自创世以来的罗马年（）”或“创世年（古希腊语：Ἔτος Κτίσεως Κόσμου）”或“世界年（古希腊语：Ἔτος Κόσμου）”。东正教的普世牧首辖区于约公元691年至1728年，拜占庭帝国官方于988年-1453年，罗斯诸国于约988年-约1700年使用这套历法，其他受拜占庭影响较大的国家，如塞尔维亚、保加利亚历史上也曾使用这种历法。

这套曆法与儒略曆基本相同，但仍有兩點主要的区别，一是以每年9月1日为新年第一天，纪年法则采用世界紀元，即以上帝创世的第一天为纪年之始。拜占庭宗教界以《旧约圣经》七十士译本中的记载为基础推算的上帝创世之年相当于公元前5509年，拜占庭历的第一年为前5509年9月1日-前5508年8月31日。

來源
外部鏈接
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Hebrew calendar

更多閱讀
一手來源

  • . Decline and Fall of Byzantium To The Ottoman Turks. An Annotated Translation by Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, 1975.
  • . The Chronography of George Synkellos: a Byzantine Chronicle of Universal History from the Creation. Transl. Prof. Dr. William Adler & Paul Tuffin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
  • 阿伯拉罕·伊本·埃茲拉, Abraham ben Meïr, (1092–1167). Ibn Ezra's Commentary on the Pentateuch: Genesis (Bereshit). (Vol.1 – Genesis). Transl. and annotated by H. Norman Strickman & Arthur M. Silver. Menorah Pub. Co., New York, N.Y., 1988.
  • 塞克斯图斯·尤利乌斯·阿非利加努斯. Extant Writings III. The Extant Fragments of the Five Books of the Chronography of Julius Africanus.
  • 尼基塔斯·霍尼亚提斯. O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniates. Transl. by Harry J. Magoulias. Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1984.
  • 老普林尼. 博物志 (老普林尼), XVIII, 210.
  • St. 該撒利亞的巴西流. [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf208.viii.i.html Hexæmeron] . Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, 2nd Series (NPNF2). Transl. Philip Schaff, D.D., LL.D. (1819–1893): Volume VIII – Basil: Letters and Select Works. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, Michigan.
  • St. 普瓦捷的依拉略. On the Trinity. Book IV.
  • The Rudder (Pedalion): Comp. Hieromonk Agapius and monk . First printed and published 1800. Trans. D. Cummings, [from the 5th edition published by John Nicolaides (Kesisoglou the Caesarian) in Athens, Greece in 1908], Chicago: The Orthodox Christian Educational Society, 1957. Repr., New York, N.Y.: Luna Printing Co., 1983.
  • 宣信者狄奧法內斯. The Chronicle of Theophanes Confessor: Byzantine and Near Eastern History, AD 284–813. Cyril Mango, Roger Scott, Geoffrey Greatrex (Eds.). Oxford University Press, 1997.
  • 安条克的狄奥菲鲁斯. Theophilus of Antioch to Autolycus. Book III. Chap XXIV (Chronology from Adam) – Chap. XXVIII (Leading Chronological Epochs).

二手來源
21世紀

20世紀

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  • Dr. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091001145913/http://huc.edu/faculty/faculty/wacholder.shtml Ben Zion Wacholder]. "Biblical Chronology in the Hellenistic World Chronicles". in The Harvard Theological Review, Vol.61, No.3 (Jul., 1968), pp. 451–481.
  • Dr. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091001145913/http://huc.edu/faculty/faculty/wacholder.shtml Ben Zion Wacholder]. Essays on Jewish Chronology and Chronography. Ktav Pub. House, 1976.
  • Dr. Floyd Nolan Jones. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkBasQYRy4sC Chronology of the Old Testament]. Master Books, Arizona, 1993. Repr. 2005. (supports Ussher's chronology, i.e. 4004 BC).
  • E.G. Richards. Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History. Oxford University Press, 1998.
  • Elias J. Bickerman. Chronology of the Ancient World. 2nd edition. Cornell University Press. 1980.
  • Fr. Stanley S. Harakas. The Orthodox Church: 455 Questions and Answers. Light & Life Publishing, Minneapolis, 1988.
  • George Ogg. "Hippolytus and the Introduction of the Christian Era". in Vigiliae Christianae, Vol.16, No.1 (Mar., 1962), pp. 2–18.
  • Howlett, J. "[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03731a.htm Biblical Chronology] ". In The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent). New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
  • Jack Finegan. Handbook of Biblical Chronology: Principles of Time Reckoning in the Ancient World and Problems of Chronology in the Bible. Hendrickson Publishers, 1998.
  • Prof. Dr. William Adler. Time Immemorial: Archaic History and its Sources in Christian Chronography from Julius Africanus to George Syncellus. Washington, D.C. : Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1989.
  • K.A. Worp. [https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/9250/1/5_039_134.pdf Chronological Observations on Later Byzantine Documents]. 1985. University of Amsterdam.
  • Foss, Clive. "Three Apparent Early Examples of the Era of Creation". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 31 (1978), pp. 241–246.
  • Roger S. Bagnall, K. A. Worp. The Chronological Systems of Byzantine Egypt. Zutphen, 1978.
  • V. Grumel. La Chronologie. Presses Universitaires France, Paris. 1958.
  • Rev. Philip Schaff (1819–1893), Ed. "Era." Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge New Edition, 13 Vols., 1908–14. [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc04/Page_163.html Vol. 4, pp. 163] .
  • Van der Essen, L. "[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03730b.htm Chronicon Paschale] ". In The Catholic Encyclopedia (New Advent). New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
  • Yiannis E. Meimaris. Chronological Systems in Roman-Byzantine Palestine and Arabia. Athens, 1992.

19世紀以及更早

  • John McClintock, James Strong. [https://books.google.com/books?id=PsosAAAAYAAJ Cyclopedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature: Supplement] . V.2. Harper, 1887.
  • Prof. Fr. Arsenius John Baptist Vuibert (). [https://books.google.com/books?id=OJQWAAAAYAAJ An Ancient History: From the Creation to the Fall of the Western Empire in A.D. 476] . Baltimore: Foley, 1886.
  • . "Ben Meir and the Origin of the Jewish Calendar". in The Jewish Quarterly Review, Vol. 10, No. 1 (Oct., 1897), pp. 152–161.
  • Sir 托马斯·布朗. [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/pseudodoxia/pseudo61.html Pseudodoxia Epidemica: Book VI. Ch. 1 – Of sundry common opinions Cosmographical and Historical]. 1646; 6th ed., 1672. pp. 321–330.
  • [https://books.google.com/books?id=TqcrAAAAYAAJ The Popular Encyclopedia: being a general dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, biography, history, and political economy] . (Vol. 3, Part 1). Glasgow: Blackie and Son, 1841.
  • Thomas Spencer Baynes. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=HKgMAAAAYAAJ Chronology: Era of the Creation of the World.”] The Encyclopædia Britannica: a dictionary of arts, sciences, and general literature. 9th Ed., Vol. 5. A. & C. Black, 1833. pp. 709–754.
#日历 #紀元 #七十士譯本 #儒略历 #东正教历史 #陽曆

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