**'（，）是一位英国精神科醫師和控制论先驱，1964年获古根海姆奖。
参考文献
外部链接
- [http://www.rossashby.info/index.html The W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive] includes an extensive biography, bibliography, letters, photographs, movies, and fully indexed images of all 7,189 pages of Ashby's 25 volume journal.
- [http://www.gwu.edu/~asc/biographies/ashby/ashby.html Homepage of William Ross Ashby] with a short text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Yearbook 1973, and some links.
- Asaro, Peter M. (2008). [http://cybersophe.org/writing/Asaro%20Ashby.pdf "From Mechanisms of Adaptation to Intelligence Amplifiers: The Philosophy of W. Ross Ashby,"] in Michael Wheeler, Philip Husbands and Owen Holland (eds.) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100822150044/http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=11479 The Mechanical Mind in History], Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, pp. 149–184.
- [http://bactra.org/notebooks/ashby.html W. Ross Ashby] web page by Cosma Shalizi, 1999.
- [http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASHBBOOK.html W. Ross Ashby (1956): An Introduction to Cybernetics, (Chapman & Hall, London): available electronically] , Principia Cybernetica Web, 1999
- [http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/reqvar.html The Law of Requisite Variety] in the Principia Cybernetica Web, 2001.
- [http://www.cybsoc.org/ross.htm 159 Aphorisms from Ashby and further links at the Cybernetics Society]
- [http://www.panarchy.org/ashby/variety.1956.html W. Ross Ashby, Cybernetics and Requisite Variety] (1956) from An Introduction to Cybernetics
- [http://www.panarchy.org/ashby/adaptation.1960.html W. Ross Ashby, Feedback, Adaptation and Stability] (1960) from Design for a Brain
- Livas short introductory videos
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