核选项

在美国参议院，核选项（）是一种议事程序，允许参议院以简单多数推翻日常规则，而不是参议院规则通常需要的三分之二的绝对多数。特别是在60票规则中，该程序被用来结束辩论并结束阻挠议事。

2013年11月，哈里·里德领导的参议院民主党多数通过该程序取消了除最高法院提名外的总统提名60票规则，首次援引了核选项。2017年4月，再次援引了核选项，这一次，由米奇·麦康奈尔领导的参议院共和党多数也取消了最高法院提名的60票规则，从而结束了关于尼尔·戈萨奇提名的辩论。

截至2021年7月，核选项尚未被用于废除立法上的阻挠议事程序。废除阻挠议事程序需要至少51名参议员的投票，或者50名参议员的投票加上副总统（作为参议院主席）的一票。“核选项”一词类似于核武器，是最极端的选择。

参考资料
外部链接
;Supportive of nuclear option
M. Gold & D. Gupta, The Constitutional Option to Change Senate Rules and Procedures: a Majoritarian Means to Overcome the Filibuster in the Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy*; [http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/jlpp/Gold_Gupta_JLPP_article.pdf 28 Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 205] (2004) (arguing that the nuclear/constitutional option it is firmly grounded in Senate history) (PDF file)
William G. Dauster, [https://nyujlpp.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Legis-19-4-Dauster-SenateinTransition.pdf “The Senate in Transition or How I Learned To Stop Worrying and Love the Nuclear Option,”] N.Y.U. Journal of Legislation & Public Policy*, volume 19 (number 4) (December 2016): pages 631–83 (explaining Senator Reid's use of the nuclear option).
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100106075933/http://rpc.senate.gov/public/_files/Apr2505ConstOptSD.pdf Policy Analysis by Senate Republican Policy Committee summarizing arguments and reviewing history]
*[http://www.nationalreview.com/benchmemos/benchmemos.asp National Review's Bench Memos]
*[http://www.washtimes.com/op-ed/20050321-090719-9704r.htm Senator George Allen (R-VA) Calls Democrats Bluff]

;Opposed to nuclear option
*[http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2005/05/b672587.html Center for American Progress: Nuclear Option Resource Guide]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050904044942/http://www.civilrights.org/issues/enda/details.cfm?id=29593 CivilRights.org: a coalition representing 180 national organizations]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20040410103335/http://reid.senate.gov/ Home Page for Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev)]
*[http://www.independentjudiciary.org/ Independent Judiciary]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050331012924/http://democrats.senate.gov/~dpc/press/05/2005315B18.html Senator Reid's Letter to Bill Frist]
*[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A45149-2005Mar17.html Washington Post article on Republican's 1968 Fortas filibuster]
*[http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20050506.html Hatching a New Filibuster Precedent: The Senator from Utah's Revisionist history] John Dean writes for FindLaw arguing that Orrin Hatch has attempted to mischaracterize the Abe Fortas nomination filibuster.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050521001506/http://www.moveonpac.org/savetherepublic/ Revenge of the Frist]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050527203635/http://www.moveonpac.org/pac/nuclear/ MoveOn.org Emergency Petition to Save the Courts]
*Myth and fact sheets
**[http://www.thenation.com/article/filibustering-truth Filibustering the Truth]

;Other
*[https://ssrn.com/abstract=896421 David Law & Lawrence B. Solum, "Judicial Selection, Appointments Gridlock, and the Nuclear Option," (April 14, 2006).]
*[http://www.house.gov/rules/pre20th_rules.htm History of U.S. House Committee on Rules]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100105220840/http://rules.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=AboutCommittee.CommitteeHistory History of U.S. Senate Committee on Rules and Administration]
*[ Standing Rules of The Senate]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20030226200617/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,423312,00.html TIME*: The Filibuster Formula]
*[http://www.washtimes.com/specialreport/20050724-123439-8929r.htm Politics and justice for all: Court nomination fights predate Bork, Thomas]