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量子隱形傳態

Wikipedia · 2026-06-30 维基百科 👁 1 阅读

量子遙傳（quantum teleportation），又稱量子隱形傳輸、量子隱形傳送、量子隱形傳態，是一種利用量子纏結來傳送量子態至任意距離的技術。 名詞翻譯可能最早見於 2000 年科學月刊上的文章，因為 tele 字首表示遠方的意思。
量子遙傳並不會傳送任何物質或能量。這樣的技術在量子信息與量子計算上相當有幫助。然而，這方式無法傳遞傳統的資訊，因此無法使用在超光速的通訊上面。量子遙傳與一般所說的瞬間移動沒有關係，量子遙傳無法傳遞系統本身，也無法用來安排分子以在另一端組成物體。

2019年8月18日中国科学技术大学潘建伟、陆朝阳等和奥地利维也纳大学蔡林格(Zeilinger)小组合作，在国际上首次成功实现高维度量子体系的隐形传态。此前的實驗中只能完成二維傳輸，此一突破可以達成任意維度傳輸，向實用化大幅推進。该研究成果发表于国际权威学术期刊《物理评论快报》(PRL)。

註釋
參考文獻

  • Theoretical proposal:

* C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, W. K. Wootters, Teleporting an Unknown Quantum State via Dual Classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Channels*, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895-1899 (1993) ([http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~dkafri/Jake_Taylor/articles/PhysRevLett.70.1895.pdf pdf]). This is the seminal paper that laid out the entanglement protocol.
* L. Vaidman, Teleportation of Quantum States*, Phys. Rev. A 49, 1473-1476 (1994)
* G Brassard, S Braunstein, R Cleve, Teleportation as a Quantum Computation*, Physica D 120 43-47 (1998)
** A. Peres, "What is actually teleported?", IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 48, Issue 1, (2004)([http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0304158 this document online] )
* G. Rigolin, Quantum Teleportation of an Arbitrary Two Qubit State and its Relation to Multipartite Entanglement*, Phys. Rev. A 71 032303 (2005)([http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0407219 this document online] )
Shi-Biao Zheng, "Scheme for approximate conditional teleportation of an unknown atomic state without the Bell-state measurement", Phys. Rev. A 69**, 064302 (2004).
W. B. Cardoso, A. T. Avelar, B. Baseia, and N. G. de Almeida, "Teleportation of entangled states without Bell-state measurement", Phys. Rev. A 72**, [http://pra.aps.org/abstract/PRA/v72/i4/e045802 045802 (2005)] .
Michael N. Leuenberger, Michael E. Flatte, David D. Awschalom, "Teleportation of Electronic Many-Qubit States Encoded in the Electron Spin of Quantum Dots via Single Photons", Phys. Rev. Lett. 94**, [http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v94/i10/e107401 107401 (2005)] .

  • First experiments with photons:

* D. Bouwmeester, J.-W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter, A. Zeilinger, Experimental Quantum Teleportation,* Nature 390, 6660, 575-579 (1997).
* D. Boschi, S. Branca, F. De Martini, L. Hardy, & S. Popescu, Experimental Realization of Teleporting an Unknown Pure Quantum State via Dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels,* Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 6, 1121-1125 (1998)
* Y.-H. Kim, S.P. Kulik, and Y. Shih, Quantum teleportation of a polarization state with a complete bell state measurement,* Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1370 (2001).
* I. Marcikic, H. de Riedmatten, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden, N. Gisin, Long-Distance Teleportation of Qubits at Telecommunication Wavelengths,* Nature, 421, 509 (2003)
* R. Ursin et al., Quantum Teleportation Link across the Danube,* Nature 430, 849 (2004)

  • First experiments with atoms:

* M. Riebe, H. Häffner, C. F. Roos, W. Hänsel, M. Ruth, J. Benhelm, G. P. T. Lancaster, T. W. Körber, C. Becher, F. Schmidt-Kaler, D. F. V. James, R. Blatt, Deterministic Quantum Teleportation with Atoms,* Nature 429, 734-737 (2004)
* M. D. Barrett, J. Chiaverini, T. Schaetz, J. Britton, W. M. Itano, J. D. Jost, E. Knill, C. Langer, D. Leibfried, R. Ozeri, D. J. Wineland, Deterministic Quantum Teleportation of Atomic Qubits,* Nature 429, 737 (2004).
* S. Olmschenk, D. N. Matsukevich, P. Maunz, D. Hayes, L.-M. Duan, and C. Monroe, Quantum Teleportation between Distant Matter Qubits,* Science 323, 486 (2009).

参见

  • 量子力學

** 量子力學入門
**
** 量子電腦
** 量子糾纏
** 不確定性原理
**

  • 古澤明

外部链接

#量子計算 #新興技術 #量子信息

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