夏威夷语()是南岛语系的一种,用拉丁文字书写,是夏威夷族使用的語言。因主要在夏威夷群岛被使用而得名,另外在美国本土亦有少数人使用。和英语同为夏威夷州的官方語言。至2001年,夏威夷语母语使用者共计等于全州人口的 0.1%。
夏威夷的皮钦语或克里奥尔语不是夏威夷语或英语的方言。
夏威夷字母共有13个,5个为元音,8个为辅音。在其中有一个是声门塞音。
文字
除了岩石雕刻符号,夏威夷人在接触西方文化之前没有文字。现代夏威夷字母是基于拉丁字母。所有的辅音之后都会搭配一个元音。夏威夷语字母表中所有的元音都在辅音之前。
起源
1820年到1826年,夏威夷文字系统最早被美国新教传教士使用。最初还包含B、D、R、T、V、F、G、S、Y,Z只拼写外文。最初的印刷包括A、E、I、O、U以及AE、AI、AO、AU、EI、EU、OU这些双元音。1826年后,一些多余的同位异音被删减以便更好地被使用。
但是在很多外来词保留非夏威夷字母。例:Brazil夏威夷化后是Palakila,但使用时是Barazila。
語音系統
輔音
人稱代詞
註釋
參考文獻
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20061203064044/http://ulukau.org/english.php Ulukau - the Hawaiian electronic library], includes English to/from Hawaiian dictionary
- [http://www.olelo.hawaii.edu/dual/orgs/keelikolani/ Ka Haka ʻUla O Keʻelikōlani, College of Hawaiian Language]
- [http://ksdl.ksbe.edu/kulaiwi/ Kulaiwi] — learn Hawaiian through distance learning courses
- [http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/hawlangillegal.html Was Hawaiian outlawed?]
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參閱
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外部連結
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20061203064044/http://ulukau.org/english.php Ulukau – the Hawaiian electronic library], includes English to/from Hawaiian dictionary
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100209071913/http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/30 Hawaiian Vocabulary List] (from the World Loanword Database)
- [http://www.olelo.hawaii.edu/dual/orgs/keelikolani/ Ka Haka ʻUla O Keʻelikōlani, College of Hawaiian Language]
- [http://ksdl.ksbe.edu/kulaiwi/ Kulaiwi] – learn Hawaiian through distance learning courses
- [http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/hawlangillegal.html Was Hawaiian outlawed?]
- [http://www.angelfire.com/hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/hawlangpublvictclaims.html Examples of published claims that Hawaiian was outlawed]
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- [http://www.hawaiian.saivus.org/ Hawaiian.saivus.org] – Detailed Hawaiian Language Pronunciation Guide
- [http://valesne.homestead.com/untitled4.html Hawaiian and Indonesian with Japanese translation] incl. sound file
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160124232335/http://www.traditionalhawaiian.com/ Traditional and Neo Hawaiian: The Emergence of a New Form of Hawaiian Language as a Result of Hawaiian Language Regeneration]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100531191931/http://www.mauimagazine.net/Maui-Magazine/May-June-2008/Hale-Pai/ "Hale Pa'i"] Article about Hawaiian language newspapers printed at Lahainaluna on Maui. Maui No Ka 'Oi Magazine Vol.12 No.3 (May 2008).
- [http://www.hawaiimagazine.com/blogs/hawaii_today/2010/5/12/new_iPhone_apps_help_speak_Hawaiian/ "Speak Hawaiian"] Article about Hawaiian language resource on iPhone.* (May 2010).
- [http://www.aloha-hawaii.com/hawaii/native%20tongue/ A Hawaiian Glossary]
- [http://www.friesian.com/hawaii.htm#pronounce How to Pronounce "Hawai'i"] , Kelley L. Ross, Ph.D, 2008
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20111228042423/http://www.language-archives.org/language/haw OLAC Resources in and about the Hawaiian language]
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