紧急状态 (印度)

让印度总统法赫鲁丁·阿里·艾哈迈德宣布国家紧急状态]]
印度紧急状态（the Emergency）是指印度在1975年至1977年间，持续21个月的紧急状态。时任印度总理英迪拉·甘地决定在全国范围内实施紧急状态，由总统法赫鲁丁·阿里·艾哈迈德因“内乱”（internal disturbance）而根据《印度宪法》第352条正式发布，后被内阁及议会追认。紧急状态从1975年6月25日开始生效，直到1977年3月21日撤销。

紧急状态时期，印度总理被赋予极大权力，得暂停选举及限制公民自由。紧急状态期间，英迪拉·甘地的大多数政治反对者被长期监禁，新闻界受到审查。紧急状态期间还发生了其他侵犯人权的事件，包括由总理的儿子桑贾伊·甘地带头发起的大规模强迫绝育运动。紧急状态是印度独立后历史上最具争议的时期之一。

参考文献
来源

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延伸阅读

• Aaron S. Klieman. "Indira's India: Democracy and Crisis Government", Political Science Quarterly (1981) 96#2 pp. 241–259 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2150338 in JSTOR]
• Kuldip Nayar. The Judgement: Inside Story of the Emergency in India. 1977. Vikas Publishing House. .
• P. N. Dhar. Indira Gandhi, the "Emergency", and Indian Democracy (2000), 424pp
• Ramashray Roy and D. L. Sheth. "The 1977 Lok Sabha Election Outcome: The Salience of Changing Voter Alignments Since 1969," Political Science Review (1978), Vol. 17 Issue 3/4, pp. 51–63
• Shourie, Arun (1984). Mrs Gandhi's second reign. New Delhi: Vikas.
• Shourie, Arun (1978). Symptoms of fascism. New Delhi: Vikas.

外部链接

• [http://static.history.state.gov/frus/frus1969-76ve08/pdf/d204.pdf Telegram 8557 from the United States Embassy in India to the Department of State, 27 June 1975]
• A. Z. Huq [http://www.idea.int/publications/dchs/upload/dchs_vol2_sec4_1.pdf Democratic Norms, Human Rights and States of Emergency: Lessons from the Experience of Four Countries]
• [http://www.ahrchk.net/pub/mainfile.php/mof/ "Memories of a Father," a book by Eachara Varier, father of a student killed in police custody during the emergency]