在向量分析中,极向–环向分解(英文:poloidal–toroidal decomposition)是亥姆霍兹分解的一个受限制的形式,常用于螺线向量场在球坐标系下的分析,如磁场和不可压缩流体等。考虑一个三维向量场F满足
: \nabla \cdot \mathbf{F} = 0,
可以被表示为一个轴矢量场(toroidal vector field)和一个极矢量场(poloidal vector field)的和:
: \mathbf{F} = \mathbf{T} + \mathbf{P} = \nabla \times \Psi \mathbf{r} + \nabla \times (\nabla \times \Phi \mathbf{r}),
其中 \mathbf{r} 是球坐标 (r,\theta,\phi) 中的径向矢量,纵场 \mathbf{T} 为
: \mathbf{T} = \nabla \times \Psi \mathbf{r}
\Psi (r,\theta,\phi)为一标量场,[[#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBackus198687-2|[2]]]横场 \mathbf{P} 为
: \mathbf{P} = \nabla \times \nabla \times \Phi \mathbf{r}
\Phi (r,\theta,\phi)为一标量场。这一向量分解法是对称的,因为纵场的旋度是横场,而横场的旋度是纵场。纵场与球心在原点的球面相切
: \mathbf{r} \cdot \mathbf{T} = 0 ,
而横场的旋度同样地与这些球面相切
: \mathbf{r} \cdot (\nabla \times \mathbf{P}) = 0 .
若标量场 \Psi 和 \Phi 的平均值在任意半径为 r 的球面上都等于零,则这一分解方式是唯一的。
另见
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脚注
参考资料
- [http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1961hhs..book.....C Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic stability] , Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan; International Series of Monographs on Physics, Oxford: Clarendon, 1961, p. 622.
- [http://www.springerlink.com/content/h584m7h23v1k5428/ Decomposition of solenoidal fields into poloidal fields, toroidal fields and the mean flow.] [http://www.springerlink.com/content/h584m7h23v1k5428/ Applications to the boussinesq-equations], Schmitt, B. J. and von Wahl, W; in The Navier-Stokes Equations II — Theory and Numerical Methods, pp. 291–305; Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer Berlin/ Heidelberg, Vol. 1530/ 1992.
- [http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/abs/1999ApJS..121..247L Anelastic Magnetohydrodynamic Equations for Modeling Solar and Stellar Convection Zones] , Lantz, S. R. and Fan, Y.; The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 121, Issue 1, Mar. 1999, pp. 247–264.
- Plane poloidal-toroidal decomposition of doubly periodic vector fields: [http://www.austms.org.au/Publ/Jamsb/V47P1/2148.html Part 1.] [http://www.austms.org.au/Publ/Jamsb/V47P1/2148.html Fields with divergence] and [http://www.austms.org.au/Publ/Jamsb/V47P1/2203.html Part 2.] [http://www.austms.org.au/Publ/Jamsb/V47P1/2203.html Stokes equations] . G. D. McBain. [http://www.austms.org.au/Publ/ANZIAM/index.shtml ANZIAM J.] [http://www.austms.org.au/Publ/ANZIAM/V47P1/contents.html 47 (2005)]
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