要求下被拆除的基督救世主主教座堂，摄于1931年12月5日]]
在整个苏联的历史中，东正教等基督教各宗派及其团体都受到压制和迫害，只是随着时期不同而程度有别。这种迫害有着马克思列宁主义和无神论的治国方针的内因，在这种理论的驱使下，苏联政府一直主张对宗教采取控制、打压甚至消灭的手段。在蘇俄成立初期，基督教被視作「資產階級代表」、「舊沙皇勢力的產物」與沙皇勾結的封建殘餘文化，儘管列寧早期的論點強調「宗教應當是私人的事情」，在馬克思「宗教是人民的鴉片」哲學觀點的影響下，苏联政府对教堂、清真寺和犹太教堂进行大量平毁。政府还通过各种手段嘲笑、骚扰和处决宗教领袖，在学校和媒体大量宣传唯物主義無神論的觀點，推行唯物主義無神論是社会唯一应当信奉的真理。
最初，列寧對東正教採取寬容的政策，他取消了東正教在俄國的國教地位並沒收了大量財產，採取了政教分離的措施，但是隨著教會公開反對蘇聯國有化政策的實施與俄國內戰爆發，俄國東正教牧首吉洪公開呼籲基督徒支持白軍，並反對蘇維埃政權開始，雙方關係迅速惡化，基督徒參加了白軍武裝叛亂，蘇聯開始鎮壓東正教，俄國大饑荒爆發之後，教會反對蘇維埃政府沒收教會財產賑濟災民，雙方矛盾徹底爆發，至此之後很長一段時間，宗教和有神論信仰被視為反動勢力。
James M. Nelson估计苏联的国家无神论政策下被消灭的基督徒大约在一千二百到二千万之间。
但是，在相当多的人群当中仍在持续着宗教行为
參考文獻
引用
来源
- And God Created Lenin: Marxism vs. Religion in Russia, 1917-1929. Author : Paul Gabel ISBN 1-59102-306-8 [http://books.google.com/books/about/And_God_created_Lenin.html?id=9M3YAAAAMAAJ]
- Storming the Heavens: The Soviet League of the Militant Godless Author : Daniel Peris Publisher: Cornell University Press ISBN 0-8014-3485-8 ISBN 978-0-8014-3485-3 [http://books.google.com/books?id=nC2LSv5QNYkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=storming+the+heavens&source=bl&ots=hTMdW2puUI&sig=w91V-pSCuz0PvelYZSJJTZ4gxu8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AsJpUKmmOYqS9QTOr4HoBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=storming%20the%20heavens&f=false]
- The Plot to Kill God: Findings from the Soviet Experiment in Secularization Author : Paul Froese Publisher: University of California Press ISBN 0-520-25529-1 ISBN 978-0-520-25529-6 [http://books.google.com/books?id=8jkFD4ZXjd8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Plot+to+Kill+God:+Findings+from+the+Soviet+Experiment+in+Secularization&source=bl&ots=4TgzmPMJfV&sig=Txotuf5H5G7RVi_kFqrn3I0I9Ug&hl=en&src=bmrr&sa=X&ei=ssJpUNSzJYeG9QTP9YHYBw&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Plot%20to%20Kill%20God%3A%20Findings%20from%20the%20Soviet%20Experiment%20in%20Secularization&f=false]
- Religion and the State in Russia and China: Suppression, Survival, and Revival Author : Christopher Marsh ISBN 1-4411-1247-2 ISBN 978-1-4411-1247-7
- Russian Society and the Orthodox Church: Religion in Russia after Communism Author : Zoe Knox Publisher: Routledge (August 13, 2009)ISBN 0-415-54616-8 ISBN 978-0-415-54616-4 [http://books.google.com/books/about/Russian_Society_and_the_Orthodox_Church.html?id=ergHr26PenEC]
- "Godless communists": atheism and society in Soviet Russia, 1917-1932 Author : William Husband Publisher: Northern Illinois University Press ISBN 0-87580-257-5 ISBN 978-0-87580-257-2 [http://books.google.com/books?id=Y-XFNQAACAAJ&dq=GODLESS+COMMUNISTS:+ATHEISM+AND+SOCIETY+IN+SOVIET+RUSSIA,+1917-1932&source=bl&ots=PDjbxkYKHM&sig=UeANuY1MSBBntafQvUGQj5vBGa8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=c8ZpUJTdGZHo8gT1oYHwCQ&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA]
- Secularism Soviet Style: Teaching Atheism and Religion in a Volga Republic Author : Sonja Luehrmann Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN 0-253-35698-9 ISBN 978-0-253-35698-7
- Doubt, Atheism, and the Nineteenth-Century Russian Intelligentsia Author : Victoria Frede Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press ISBN 0-299-28444-1 ISBN 978-0-299-28444-2 [http://books.google.com/books?id=UDmH3DBaPgMC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Doubt,+Atheism,+and+the+Nineteenth-Century+Russian+Intelligentsia&source=bl&ots=rSYjmJbeqQ&sig=-71XmZxkQM1bDRLvVgX9hYLMUPg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RshpUJGZLIy29gS5zICADQ&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Doubt%2C%20Atheism%2C%20and%20the%20Nineteenth-Century%20Russian%20Intelligentsia&f=false]
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- State Secularism and Lived Religion in Soviet Russia and Ukraine Editor: Catherine Wanner Oxford University Press USA ISBN 978-0-19-993763-9
外部連結
- [http://www.ibiblio.org/expo/soviet.exhibit/ae2bkhun.html Lenin's letter to Molotov on Shuia crisis]
- [http://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Letters_of_Metropolitan_Sergii_of_Vilnius&diff=prev&oldid=1752721 Letters of Metropolitan Sergii of Vilnius]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/08/world/europe/08butovo.html?fta=y&_r=0 Butovo site of mass executions of Orthodox Clergy - One thousand of those killed here are known to have died for their Orthodox faith.]
- [http://cerc.unimelb.edu.au/publications/CERCWP012003.pdf Post Soviet challenges for the Russian Orthodox Church]
- [http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/anti.html Library of Congress articles on the Soviet archives]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20130317173158/http://www.rusarchives.ru/publication/hunger-ussr/content.shtml Link to Russian Archives]
- [http://www.goldentime.ru/nbk_31.htm Н.Е. Емельянов Оценка статистики гонений на Русскую Православную Церковь (1917–1952 годы)]
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