白領犯罪

白領犯罪（）指的是以取得錢財（尤其是鉅額）為動機之非暴力犯罪。

犯罪學理論史上，第一個提出「白領犯罪」概念者，是美國的社會學家暨犯罪學家愛德文·蘇哲蘭，在1939年。白領犯罪與企業犯罪、經濟犯罪關係密切，因為白領階級往往掌握企業營運上的重要角色，有較多機會從事多種與財務相關的犯罪。個人層面的例如：背信、侵占、賄賂官員或收受對手企業賄賂、吸金捲款、內線交易、洗錢、偽造文書、冒用身分；企業犯罪的層面例如：指使公司侵犯智慧財產權（尤其專利）、壟斷市場、不正競爭等等。

對於白領犯罪的預防與察覺，以及對於那些主導人物的法律上處罰，是資本主義社會即使進入21世紀仍未能妥善處理的議題。因為白領犯罪涉及的金額往往鉅大，尤其是富可敵國的跨國企業形成後，一家公司行為不正，便能導致全世界經濟衰退，例如美國2001年的安然案，2008年的雷曼兄弟案，都害得全球無數人賠上畢生積蓄，甚至自殺。

註腳
延伸閱讀
Barnett, Cynthia. (2000). [https://ucr.fbi.gov/nibrs/nibrs_wcc.pdf The Measurement of White-Collar Crime Using Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Data] *.
*Cox, Steven P. (2017) "[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cura.12197/abstract White-Collar Crime in Museums] ", Curator:The Museums Journal 60(2):235-248.
Dillon, Eamon [https://web.archive.org/web/20130529110432/http://www.dilloninvestigates.com/index_files/Page390.htm Dilloninvestigates.com], The Fraudsters – How Con Artists Steal Your Money Chapter 5, Pillars of Society, published September 2008 by Merlin Publishing, Ireland
Geis, G., Meier, R. & Salinger, L. (eds.) (1995). White-collar Crime: Classic & Contemporary Views*. NY: Free Press.
Green, Stuart P. (2006). Lying, Cheating, and Stealing: A Moral Theory of White Collar Crime*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
*Koller, Cynthia A. (2012). "White Collar Crime in Housing: Mortgage Fraud in the United States." El Paso, TX: LFB Scholarly. .
*Koller, Cynthia A., Laura A. Patterson & Elizabeth B. Scalf (2014). When Moral Reasoning and Ethics Training Fail: Reducing White Collar Crime through the Control of Opportunities for Deviance, 28 Notre Dame J.L. Ethics & Pub. Pol'y 549 (2014). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndjlepp/vol28/iss2/5
Lea, John. (2001). Crime as Governance: Reorienting Criminology*.[http://www.bunker8.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/misc/crimgov.htm Blueyonder.do.uk][https://web.archive.org/web/20150307043033/http://www.bunker8.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/misc/crimgov.htm]
Leap, Terry L. (2007) Dishonest Dollars: The Dynamics of White-Collar Crime*. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Newman, Graeme R. & Clarke, Ronald V. (2003). Superhighway Robbery: Preventing E-commerce Crime*. Portland, Or: Willan Publishing.
*Rolón, Darío N. [http://de.scribd.com/doc/215756732/Dario-N-Rolon-Vigilancia-informatica-y-responsabilidad-penal-de-proveedores-de-internet Control, vigilancia, y respuesta penal en el ciberespacio] , Latinamerica´s new security Thinking, Clacso 2014.
Reiman, J. (1998). The Rich get Richer and the Poor get Prison*. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Pontell, H. & Tillman, R. (1998). Profit Without Honor: White-collar Crime and the Looting of America*. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Shapiro, Susan P. (1990). "Collaring the Crime, not the Criminal: Reconsidering the Concept of White-collar Crime", American Sociological Review* 55: 346–65.
Simon, D. & Eitzen, D. (1993). Elite Deviance*. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Simon, D. & Hagan, F. (1999). White-collar Deviance*. Boston: Allyn & Bacon
*Thiollet, J.P. (2002). Beau linge et argent sale — Fraude fiscale internationale et blanchiment des capitaux, Paris, Anagramme ed.
U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation (1989). White Collar Crime: A Report to the Public*. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.

參見
*經濟犯罪(economic crime)

外部連結

• [https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/december/attempted-extortion-aspiring-actors-new-role-is-inmate Attempted Extortion - Aspiring Actor’s New Role: Inmate]

*[https://www.freedomforsholam.com Freedom & Justice for Sholam Weiss]