大规模开放在线课堂

大规模开放在线课堂（课程），又称慕课（）、磨課師（），是一种针对于大众人群的在线课堂，人们可以通过网络来学习在线课堂。MOOC是远程教育的最新发展，它通过开放教育资源的形式发展而来。

MOOC的设计和课堂参与类似于学院和大学课堂，但MOOC一般不会像在校付费的学生那样要求学分。尽管如此，学习的奖励可能通过证书来证明。

MOOC起源於開放教育資源運動和學習連接主義的思潮。最近，大量MOOC類似的計劃已經獨立地浮出水面，例如Coursera, Udacity, edX和Marginal Revolution University ；華文MOOC自2012年開始佈局，至2014年較知名的MOOC網站包括MOOC学院、学堂在线、ewant育網、Share Course、Proera等。這些引人注目的計劃的創始者投資機構和金融投資，幫助MOOC在2012年取得了顯著的公眾關注。

MOOC没有完全既定的定义，但有两个显著的特点：

Open access/开放共享：MOOC参与者不必是在校的注册学生，也不要求学费，它是让大家共享的。
Scalability/可扩张性：许多传统课堂针对于一小群学生对应一位老师，但MOOC里的「大规模」课堂是针对于不确定的参与者而言来设计的。

早期MOOC的其它特點，例如內容的開放授權，開放結構和學習目標，以社群為中心等的特點，它們也不是在所有MOOC計劃裡都出現。

學分和學位化
部份大學通過edX平台進行的MOOC，例如微碩士(MicroMasters)和可兌換學分課程(Credit-Eligible) 在修讀完線上課程後，可銜接升讀相關大學的學位課程。然而，這些線上課程並非免費，部份更索價逾千美元。

参考资料
参见

線上學習
數碼學習
行動學習
遙距教育
E化教室

外部链接

[http://blog.coursera.org/post/33714868665/the-birth-of-a-mooc-an-introduction-to-interactive Coursera Blog : The Birth of MOOC]
[http://newsletter.alt.ac.uk/2012/08/mooc-pedagogy-the-challenges-of-developing-for-coursera/ MOOC pedagogy: the challenges of developing for Coursera]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20121225174556/http://sloanconsortium.org/publications/survey/going_distance_2011 Babson Survey Research Group: National reports on growth of online learning in US Higher Education]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20130309231104/http://worstprofessorever.com/2012/06/18/udacity-pearson-moocs-and-the-rest/ Amanda Kraus, "Opinion Time! Udacity, Pearson, MOOCs and UVA"] Blog post, "Worst Professor Ever", June 18, 2012
[http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/934 Dialogue and Connectivism: A New Approach to Understanding and Promoting Dialogue-Rich Networked Learning] Andrew Ravenscroft International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 12.3 March – 2011, Learning Technology Research Institute (LTRI), London Metropolitan University, UK
Stephen Carson and Jan Philipp Schmidt. [http://www.academicmatters.ca/2012/05/the-massive-open-online-professor/ The Massive Open Online Professor] . Academic Matters: The Journal of Higher Education, May 2012.

视频

[http://www.c-span.org/Events/Washington-Journal-for-Tuesday-August-7/10737432937/ Discussion on a new trend in higher education: Massive open online courses or MOOCs] Washington Journal August 7, 2012
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc What is a MOOC?]

TED大会演讲

[http://www.ted.com/talks/shimon_schocken_the_self_organizing_computer_course.html Shimon Schocken: 自组织式计算机课程]
[http://www.ted.com/talks/peter_norvig_the_100_000_student_classroom.html Peter Norvig：容纳十万人的教室]
[http://www.ted.com/talks/daphne_koller_what_we_re_learning_from_online_education.html Daphne Koller: 我们从在线教育学到了什么]

线上文档

A. McAuley, B. Stewart, G, Siemens and D. Cormier, [http://davecormier.com/edblog/wp-content/uploads/MOOC_Final.pdf The MOOC Model for Digital Practice] (2010)
D. Levy, [https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B5ppG_u6D8hFOWE2YTY1NWMtNzM3Ny00MGQ0LWE2NzMtYzMzYjM0NmZkZjc5&hl=en&authkey=CMOUnb8C Lessons Learned from Participating in a Connectivist Massive Online Open Course (MOOC)] , (2011)
S.F. John Mak, R. Williams, and J. Mackness, [http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fss/organisations/netlc/past/nlc2010/abstracts/PDFs/Mak.pdf Blogs and Forums as Communication and Learning Tools in a MOOC] , Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Networked Learning (2010)
Siemens, G. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120417111515/http://it.coe.uga.edu/itforum/Paper105/Siemens.pdf Learning and Knowing in Networks: Changing roles for Educators and Designers]. Presented to ITFORUM for Discussion (January 27, 2008)

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