田螺科

田螺泛指田螺科（學名：）的淡水腹足纲软体动物。平均只有拇指头大小，有角質口蓋（螺厣），殼口相對比較大。螺蛳是田螺科动物的通称。很多淡水魚類喜歡吃田螺。田螺體內很容易生長寄生蟲。

根據在2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科屬主扭舌目的成員。

分佈
This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from 南美洲.
There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and **'.

分類
舊屬前鰓亞綱的中腹足目，田螺科目前是主扭舌類的成員，約有17屬百餘種。根據2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科物種大致可分為三個亞科：

• 田螺亞科 Viviparinae - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)
• 环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)
• 平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

屬
田螺科包括下列各屬：
田螺亞科 Viviparinae
* Galizgia* Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
† ' Atanacković, 1959
* 河螺屬 Rivularia* Heude, 1890
* Trochopaludina* Starobogatov, 1985
' Haldeman, 1840
* 田螺屬 Viviparus , 1810：模式属，目前只餘下六個現生種。異名有：Vivipara（詞性錯誤，不採用）、Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880、Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Paludina* Férussac, 1812

环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae
' Moskvicheva, 1979
* 角螺屬 Angulyagra* Rao, 1931
* 环螺蛳属 Anularya* ：只見於中國雲南，其物種舊屬螺蛳属
* Anulotaia*
* 环棱螺属 Bellamya* ：亞科的模式屬；
' Thach, 2018
* Genus Chlorostracia*
* 圆田螺属 Cipangopaludina*
* 石田螺屬 Sinotaia* ：和石田螺属关系较近。
' Annandale, 1918
* 玺螺蛳属 玺螺蛳属* He, 2013
**Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
**Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
**Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
**Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
**Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
**Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 [Lepidoptera]; Neclarina is a replacement name)
**Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
**Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912

平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae
異名有Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
' Rafinesque, 1819
' Troschel, 1856：異名有Haldemania Tryon, 1862（次異名）

亞科地位未定Subfamily [unassigned] Viviparidae (temporary name)
Life cycle
Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.
参考资料
延伸阅读

• Hirano T., Saito T. & Chiba S. (2015). "Phylogeny of freshwater viviparid snails in Japan". ' 81**(4): 435–441. .
• Qian Z.-X., Fang Y.-F. & He J. (2014). "A conchological review of Bellamyinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) of China". Shell Discoveries 1(3): 3-12.

外部連結

• [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0181699 Ju-Guang Wang, Dong Zhang, Ivan Jakovlić, Wei-Min Wang, Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genomes of eight freshwater snail species exposes pervasive paraphyly within the Viviparidae family (Caenogastropoda); PLOS|One, July 25, 2017]

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