悲(梵文、)是佛教的主要教義及修行目標,英文通常翻譯為同情(Compassion)。為四梵住之一。
佛教
慈悲是所有佛教教派的共同理念,意思是同情心或同理心,當別人受苦時能夠同情的心。在上座部佛教而言,慈悲被認為是達致今世解脫及喜樂的法門。而在大乘佛教來說,慈悲更是普渡眾生以及修成菩提心的法門。
根据桑耶卡卓法师(Ven. Sangye Khandro)的著作《唤醒一颗善良的心》(Awakening a Kind Heart),悲心(karuṇā)可以描述为希望一切有情众生有离苦之因。然而,为了真正利益他人,我们需要以清明的智慧(般若)加以平衡,才能以客观、恰当的方式采取行动。
上座部佛教
在上座部佛教中,慈悲是四無量心所(又稱梵住心所,)之一。四無量心所包括善()、慈悲()、隨喜()和無分別心(),有時亦會譯為慈、悲、喜、捨。根據巴利文經典,佛陀認為四無量心適合出家人或未出家的施主修行,並認為四無量心能照耀四方,去除三毒,今世淨心喜樂,下一世得往生天界。
大乘佛教
在大乘佛教(漢傳佛教與藏傳佛教)來說,慈悲被提昇到和般若(,有時譯智慧)同等的重要性,是通往菩薩道的途徑。在大乘佛教的修行方法中,認為修行者首先要發大願()普渡眾生,然後要破除我執(self-center),見性明心,而慈悲(同情心)是破除自我中心的條件。
在漢傳佛教,觀音有時亦稱為「大慈大悲觀世音菩薩」,是推動慈悲,為眾生救苦救難的菩薩。
藏傳佛教亦以慈悲為修行的首要條件,以大乘經典《入菩提行論》為入門法則。
相關條目
- 菩提心
- 菩薩
- 四無量心所
- 悲 (耆那教)
附注
參考資料
- Buddha Dharma Education Association & BuddhaNet (n.d.). Buddhist Studies for Secondary Students, Unit 6: The Four Immeasurables. Retrieved from "BuddhaNet" at http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/bs-s15.htm .
- Gethin, Rupert (1998). The Foundations of Buddhism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Monier-Williams, Monier (1899, 1964). A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-864308-X. Retrieved 2008-05-09 from "Cologne University" at http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MWScan/index.php?sfx=pdf .
- Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society’s Pali–English Dictionary. Chipstead: Pali Text Society. Retrieved 2008-05-09 from "U. Chicago" at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/ .
- Shah, Pravin K. (n.d.). Nine Tattvas (Principles). Retrieved from "Harvard U." at https://web.archive.org/web/20090605003634/http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~pluralsm/affiliates/jainism/jainedu/9tattva.htm.
- Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1994). Kalama Sutta: To the Kalamas (AN 3.65). Retrieved 2008-05-10 from "Access to Insight" at https://web.archive.org/web/20111006181109/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.065.than.html.
- Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2006). Metta Sutta: Good Will (1) (AN 4.125). Retrieved 2008-05-10 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an04/an04.125.than.html .
*[http://www.e-sangha.com/alphone/dabei_sutra.htm Great Compassion Dharani Sutra]
外部連結
- [http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/snying_rje Dharma Dictionary - RangjungYesheWiki - Snying Rje / Karuna]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20061111133458/http://www.karunafoundation.org.au/ Caring For the Poorest children in Cambodia: Karuna Foundation - by Cathy and Phil Kiely]
- [http://karuna-shechen.org The network of Karuna-Shechen foundations in Europe, North America and Asia is raising funds for Karuna-Shechen humanitarian projects in the Himalayan region.]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106151520/http://buddhism.kalachakranet.org/compassion.html A View on Buddhism COMPASSION AND BODHICITTA]
评论 (0)