約公元前500年至300年之間的伊特拉塞浦路斯语文字模板,現藏於阿什莫林博物館]]
絕跡語言(),又稱滅絕語言、灭亡语言,指一種已經不再被人能够正确掌握使用的语言
根據估計,每兩星期就有一種人類的語言滅亡,變成絕跡語言。
其他有些組織則會為了特定情境、文化的氣氛營造,而偶爾使用這些絕跡語言,例如美國童軍就會在他們一個童軍儀式「聖箭盟」裡使用一種北美印地安人的絕跡語言倫尼萊納佩語。
示例
语言:最后母语者、时间
#立沃尼亚语:2013年
阿岱語(Adai):19世紀末葉
阿卡波語(Aka-Bo):Boa Sr(2010年)
埃雅克語(屬於納-德內語系):(2008年1月21日)
格陵蘭諾爾斯語:至15世紀末葉,最晚至16世紀
北波莫語:(1994年)
瓦波語:蘿拉·費雪·索莫薩(Laura Fish Somersal),1990年逝世
韋托語(Weyto):有證明最後的母語使用者于1770年仍然存在
維約特語(Wiyot):Della Prince(1962年)
亞納語(Yana):依喜(1916年)
约拉语:中古英語的分支(19世紀中葉)
列表
*亞洲滅亡語言列表
*歐洲滅亡語言列表(List of extinct languages of Europe)
參見
- 瀕危語言
- 語言復興
*伊特拉塞浦路斯语
来源
參考文獻
- Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36275-7.
- Brenzinger, Matthias(ed.,1992) Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-013404-9.
- Campbell, Lyle; & Mithun, Marianne (Eds.). (1979). The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-74624-5.
- Davis, Wade. (2009). The Wayfinders: Why Ancient Wisdom Matters in the Modern World. House of Anansi Press. ISBN 0-88784-766-8.
- Nancy Dorian (1978). Fate of morphological complexity in language death: Evidence from East Sutherland Gaelic. Language, 54(3),590-609.
- Dorian, Nancy C. (1981). Language death: The life cycle of a Scottish Gaelic dialect. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-7785-6.
- Dressler, Wolfgand & Wodak-Leodolter, Ruth(eds.,1977) Language death (International Journal of the Sociology of Language vol. 12). The Hague: Mouton.
- Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (Ed.). (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (15th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. (Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com ).
- Harrison, K. David. (2007) When Languages Die: The Extinction of the World's Languages and the Erosion of Human Knowledge. New York and London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-518192-0.
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
- Mohan, Peggy; & Zador, Paul. (1986). Discontinuity in a life cycle: The death of Trinidad Bhojpuri. Language, 62(2),291-319.
- Sasse, Hans-Jürgen(1992)'Theory of language death', in Brenzinger(ed.)Language Death, pp. 7–30.
- Schilling-Estes, Natalie; & Wolfram, Walt. (1999). Alternative models of dialect death: Dissipation vs. concentration. Language, 75(3),486-521.
- Sebeok, Thomas A. (Ed.). (1973). Linguistics in North America (parts 1 & 2). Current trends in linguistics (Vol. 10). The Hauge: Mouton. (Reprinted as Sebeok 1976).
- Sharp, Joanne. (2008). Chapter 6: Can the Subaltern Speak?, in Geographies of Postcolonialism. Glasgow, UK: SAGE Publications Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4129-0779-8.
- Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove. (2000). Linguistic genocide in education or worldwide diversity and human rights? Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN 0-8058-3468-0.
- Thomason, Sarah Grey & Kaufman, Terrence. (1991). Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07893-4.
- Timmons Roberts, J. & Hite, Amy. (2000). From Modernization to Globalization: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-21097-9.
外部連結
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110524193818/http://mypage.iu.edu/~shetter/miniatures/extinct.htm The Dodo's Fate: How languages become extinct]
- [http://linguistlist.org/ancientlgs.html Linguist List - List of Ancient and Extinct Languages] &[http://linguistlist.org/forms/langs/ancient-extinct-temp.html A list of ancient and extinct languages with temporary codes]
- [http://www.ogmios.org/home.htm The Foundation of Endangered Languages]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20181124171254/http://endangered-languages.com/ Endangered Languages]
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