旁观者效应（）是一个社会心理学术语，在紧急情况下，一个人在有其他人在场时，出手帮助之機會降低，援助的几率与旁观者人数负相关。换句话说，旁观者数量越多，他们当中任何一人进行援助之機會越低。
例子
1964年3月13日凱瑟琳·吉諾維斯兇殺案是旁觀者效應最著名之事例，也是社會心理學在這一領域進行研究之最初動機。
根据《新闻周刊》2021年3月的一篇事实核查文章，凱瑟琳·吉諾維斯案的報導（吉諾維斯遇害時多達38人袖手旁觀，任兇手三次行兇导致了吉諾維斯死亡）皆疑似為《紐約時報》記者查證不足下的杜撰，與警方資料有甚大差異。
参见
- 责任分散
*好撒馬利亞人法
参考资料
外部链接
- [http://www.safety-council.org/info/community/bystander.html "Don't Just Stand There - Do Something"] ，Safety Canada, January 2004.
- [https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/greatergood/archive/2006fallwinter/ The Bystander's Dilemma] ，Greater Good 3(2), Fall/Winter 2006-2007.
- [http://www.guardian.co.uk/crime/article/0,2763,1542032,00.html "I kept saying, 'Help me, help me.' But no one did."] by Tara McCartney, The Guardian, August 4, 2005.
- [http://www.thestar.com/News/article/196946 "Act now to defy 'bystander effect'"] by Craig Kielburger and Marc Kielburger, Toronto Star, March 29, 2007.
- [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/07/03/national/a131213D81.DTL "Police: Shoppers Stepped Over Victim"] by Roxana Hegeman, Associated Press, July 4, 2007. (at SFGate.com)
- [http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=198120&Disp=12&Trace=on "A rape witnessed, a rape ignored"] by Mara H. Gottfried, Pioneer Press, August 23, 2007.
- [http://www.abcnews.go.com/Health/story?id=5015458&page=1 "ABC News: What Would You Do in a Hit and Run?"] by Lauren Cox and Radha Chitale, ABC News, June 6, 2008.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20090504071949/http://www.ombudsassociation.org/publications/journal/ Dealing with—or Reporting—“Unacceptable” Behavior - with additional thoughts about the “Bystander Effect” © 2009 Mary Rowe MIT, Linda Wilcox HMS, Howard Gadlin NIH)
- [http://sa.ylib.com/forum/forumshow.asp?FDocNo=1217&CL=6 旁觀者效應蒸發，還紐約清白] －科學人2008年第77期7月號
- https://web.archive.org/web/20090504071949/http://www.ombudsassociation.org/publications/journal/ Bystander Training within Organizations, Maureen Scully and Mary Rowe, (PDF) The Journal of the International Ombudsman Association 2009, 2,(1)
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