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分体论 (逻辑学)

Wikipedia · 2026-01-14 维基百科 👁 1 阅读

在哲学方面，分体论（英文：'；该单词源自希腊语“'”；其中，词头“meros”意思是“部分”或者说“组成部分”，而词尾“-logy”则指的是研究、学问、讨论和科学），是指一套与组成部分及其相应整体有关的公理化一阶理论。分体论既指的是谓词逻辑的一种应用，又指的是形式本体论的一个分支。

参见

  • 本体论
  • 分体拓扑学
  • 分體本質論
  • 分體虛無主義

参考文献

  • Bunt, Harry, 1985. Mass terms and model-theoretic semantics. Cambridge Univ. Press.
  • Burgess, John, and Rosen, Gideon, 1997. A Subject with No Object. Oxford Univ. Press.
  • Burkhardt, H., and Dufour, C.A., 1991, "Part/Whole I: History" in Burkhardt, H., and Smith, B., eds., Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology. Muenchen: Philosophia Verlag.
  • Casati, R., and Varzi, A., 1999. Parts and Places: the structures of spatial representation. MIT Press.
  • Eberle, Rolf, 1970. Nominalistic Systems. Kluwer.
  • Forrest, Peter, 2002, "[http://projecteuclid.org/DPubS/Repository/1.0/Disseminate?view=body&id=pdfview_1&handle=euclid.ndjfl/1071509430 Nonclassical mereology and its application to sets,] " Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 43: 79-94.
  • Hovda, Paul, 2008, "What is classical mereology?", Journal of Philosophical Logic, http://www.springerlink.com/content/76l18850p2325p16/
  • Goodman, Nelson, 1977 (1951). The Structure of Appearance. Kluwer.
  • -------, and Willard Quine, 1947, "Steps toward a constructive nominalism," Journal of Symbolic Logic 12: 97-122.
  • Gruszczynski R., and Pietruszczak A., 2008, "[http://www.math.ucla.edu/~asl/bsl/1404/1404-002.ps Full development of Tarski's geometry of solids,] " Bulletin of Symbolic Logic 14:481-540. The paper presents a system of geometry based on Lesniewski's mereology. Basic properties of mereological structures are also given.
  • Husserl, Edmund, 1970. Logical Investigations, Vol. 2. Findlay, J.N., trans. Routledge.
  • Lewis, David K., 1991. Parts of Classes. Blackwell.
  • Leonard, H.S., and Goodman, Nelson, 1940, "The calculus of individuals and its uses," Journal of Symbolic Logic 5: 45–55.
  • Nicolas, David "Mass nouns and plural logic", "Linguistics and Philosophy" 31.2, pp.211-244, 2008, https://web.archive.org/web/20120219021719/http://d.a.nicolas.free.fr/Nicolas-Mass-nouns-and-plural-logic-Revised-2.pdf
  • Leśniewski, Stanisław, 1992. Collected Works. Surma, S.J., Srzednicki, J.T., Barnett, D.I., and Rickey, V.F., editors and translators. Kluwer.
  • Lucas, J. R., 2000. Conceptual Roots of Mathematics. Routledge. Chpts. 9.12 and 10 discuss mereology, mereotopology, and the related theories of A.N. Whitehead, all strongly influenced by the unpublished writings of David Bostock.
  • Pietruszczak A., 1996, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110725111622/http://www.logika.umk.pl/llp/04/pietrusz.pdf Mereological sets of distributive classes,]" Logic and Logical Philosophy 4:105-122. The paper shows how one can, by means of mereology, construct mathematical entities which are built from set theoretical classes.
  • Pietruszczak A., 2005, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110725111609/http://www.logika.umk.pl/llp/142/ap.pdf Pieces of mereology,]" Logic and Logical Philosophy 14:211-234. The paper presents basic mathematical properties of Lesniewski's mereology.
  • Potter, Michael, 2004. Set Theory and Its Philosophy. Oxford Univ. Press.
  • Simons, Peter, 1987. Parts: A Study in Ontology. Oxford Univ. Press.
  • Srzednicki, J. T. J., and Rickey, V. F., eds., 1984. Lesniewski's Systems: Ontology and Mereology. Kluwer.
  • Tarski, Alfred, 1984 (1956), "Foundations of the Geometry of Solids" in his Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics: Papers 1923–38. Woodger, J., and Corcoran, J., eds. and trans. Hackett.
  • Varzi, Achille C., 2007, "[http://www.columbia.edu/~av72/papers/Space_2007.pdf Spatial Reasoning and Ontology: Parts, Wholes, and Locations] " in Aiello, M. et al, eds., Handbook of Spatial Logics. Springer-Verlag: 945-1038.
  • Whitehead, A.N., 1916, "La Theorie Relationiste de l'Espace," Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale 23: 423-454. Translated as Hurley, P.J., 1979, "The relational theory of space," Philosophy Research Archives 5: 712-741.
  • ------, 1919. An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Natural Knowledge. Cambridge Univ. Press. 2nd ed., 1925.
  • ------, 1920. The Concept of Nature. Cambridge Univ. Press. 2004 paperback, Prometheus Books. Being the 1919 Tarner Lectures delivered at Trinity College, Cambridge.
  • ------, 1978 (1929). Process and Reality. Free Press.
  • Woodger, J. H., 1937. The Axiomatic Method in Biology. Cambridge Univ. Press.

外部链接

  • 斯坦福哲学百科全书（）：

**"[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mereology/ Mereology] " – Achille Varzi.
**"[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/boundary/ Boundary] " – Achille Varzi.
**Synergy and Dysergy in Mereologic Geometries"[https://web.archive.org/web/20090122231119/http://wikinfo.org/index.php/Synergy_and_Dysergy_in_Mereologic_Geometries]" - Albert Carpenter

#本体论 #分体论 #数学公理

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