伪切叶蚁属

,俗名相思树蚁金合欢蚁,是伪切叶蚁亚科之下的模式属,该属全员具有蛰针,且形似蜂类。具有很大的复眼,视力极佳。身体细长,可以在中空的植物或树木隧道中穿梭。主要分布在新大陆的热带和亚热带地区。

栖息地
伪切叶蚁主要分布在新热带区,但也有少数种类分布在新北界。 大多数伪切叶蚁物种都是植物寄居者,例如苍白伪切叶蚁(P. pallidus)会在枯萎植物的空心茎、草本植物的嫩枝以及枯死树木的中空隧道中筑巢。 其他种类则进化出了与其他树木的专性互利共生关系;例如三分伪切叶蚁(P. triplarinus)就专性依赖于蓼树属中的几种树木物种。 極少數(如牛眼伪切叶蚁 P. boopis)可以在土中築巢。
Pseudomyrmex acanthobius]]

Pseudomyrmex denticollis]]
Pseudomyrmex ejectus]]
Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus)]]
Pseudomyrmex flavicornis]]
Pseudomyrmex osurus]]

Pseudomyrmex termitarius]]

分类及關係性
伪切叶蚁属與矾木蚁属为姐妹羣, 而矾木蚁属同時與伪切叶蚁属及细长蚁属近缘,其在系统发生树的位置处于细长蚁属和伪切叶蚁属之间。[见:伪切叶蚁亚枓系统发生树]

物种
该属包括以下物種:

伪切叶蚁杜氏种团 duckei species-group
2个物種包括:

  • 杜氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex duckei (Forel, 1906)
  • 淡黑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex subater (Wheeler, 1914)

伪切叶蚁隐居种团 elongatulus species-group
13个物種包括:

  • 阿帕奇伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex apache Creighton, 1953
  • 隐匿伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex arcanus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
  • 毛发伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex capillatus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
  • 钱氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex championi (Forel, 1899)
  • 近缘伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cognatus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
  • 侍从伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex comitator Ward & Branstetter, 2022
  • 隐居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex elongatulus (Dalla Torre, 1892)
  • 冕伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ereptor Ward & Branstetter, 2022
  • 诫伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex exoratus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
  • 横带伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fasciatus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
  • 云斑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex nimbus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
  • 塞氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex salvini (Forel, 1899)
  • 韦拉克鲁斯伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex veracruzensis Ward & Branstetter, 2022

伪切叶蚁锈色种团 ferruginea species-group
高度與金合欢属(Acacia)共生的种团,被俗稱为“相思树蚁”或“金合欢蚁”。12个物种包括:

  • 从者伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex evitus Ward, 2017
  • 野性伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex feralis Ward, 2017
  • 銹色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ferruginea (Smith, 1877)
  • 黄角伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex flavicornis (Smith, 1877)
  • 简氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex janzeni Ward, 1993
  • 混杂伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex mixtecus Ward, 1993
  • 黑带伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex nigrocinctus (Emery, 1890)
  • 异首伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex particeps Ward, 1993
  • 佩氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex peperi (Forel, 1913)
  • 撒旦伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex satanicus (Wheeler, 1942)
  • 棘伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex spinicola (Emery, 1890)
  • 施毒伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex veneficus (Wheeler, 1942)

伪切叶蚁高氏种团 goeldii species-group
5个物种包括:

  • 高氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex goeldii (Forel, 1912)
  • 光额伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex laevifrons Ward, 1989
  • 闪光伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex micans Ward, 2017
  • 钝伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex obtusus Ward, 2017
  • 微伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex parvulus Ward, 2017

伪切叶蚁纤细种团 gracilis species-group
著名伪切叶蚁入侵物種——细伪切叶蚁所在的种团。23个物种包括:

  • 迭色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex alternans (Santschi, 1936)
  • 阿氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex alvarengai Kempf, 1961
  • 黑足伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex atripes (Smith, 1860)
  • 布氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex browni Kempf, 1967
  • 枝伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cladoicus (Smith, 1858)
  • 截伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex excisus (Mayr, 1870)
  • 匠工伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex faber (Smith, 1858)
  • 戈氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex godmani (Forel, 1899)
  • 细伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex gracilis (Fabricius, 1804)
  • Pseudomyrmex hospitalis Ward, 1999
  • 光滑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex laevigatus (Smith, 1877)
  • 斑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex maculatus (Smith, 1855)
  • 大伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex major (Forel, 1899)
  • 黑色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex niger (Donisthorpe, 1940)
  • 黑毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex nigropilosus (Emery, 1890)
  • 暗头伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex opaciceps Ward, 1993
  • 憎恶伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex osurus (Forel, 1911)
  • 萝莉伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pupa (Forel, 1911)
  • Pseudomyrmex reconditus Ward, 1993
  • 拟态伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex simulans Kempf, 1958
  • 鳞毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex squamifer (Emery, 1890)
  • 单色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex unicolor (Smith, 1855)
  • 秀丽伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex venustus (Smith, 1858)

伪切叶蚁大眼种团 oculatus species-group
11个物種包括:

  • 光点伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex alustratus Ward, 1989
  • 暗黑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex caeciliae (Forel, 1913)
  • 宽伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cretus Ward, 1989
  • 古巴伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cubaensis (Forel, 1901)
  • 库拉卡伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex curacaensis (Forel, 1912)
  • 埃氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex eduardi (Forel, 1912)
  • 藏匿伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex elongatus (Mayr, 1870)
  • 大眼伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex oculatus (Smith, 1855)
  • 小伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pisinnus Ward, 1989
  • 舒氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex schuppi (Forel, 1901)
  • 城居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex urbanus (Smith, 1877)

伪切叶蚁淡色种团 pallens species-group
8个物種包括:

  • 烟色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex adustus (Borgmeier, 1929)
  • 突结伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex gibbinotus (Forel, 1908)
  • 掠夺伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex incurrens (Forel, 1912)
  • 长伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex longus (Forel, 1912)
  • 敏锐伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex lynceus (Spinola, 1851)
  • 纯色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex monochrous (Dalla Torre, 1892)
  • 淡色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pallens (Mayr, 1870)
  • 喜叶伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex phyllophilus (Smith, 1858)

伪切叶蚁苍白种团 pallidus species-group
易危物种——纤伪切叶蚁(又稱弱伪切叶蚁)所在的种团,24个物种包括:

  • 刺居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex acanthobius (Emery, 1896)
  • 褐色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex brunneus (Smith, 1877)
  • 科氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex colei (Enzmann, 1944)
  • 分色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex distinctus (Smith, 1877)
  • 驱逐伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ejectus (Smith, 1858)
  • 禀赋伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ethicus (Forel, 1911)
  • 兰伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex euryblemma (Forel, 1899)
  • 菲氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fiebrigi (Forel, 1908)
  • 浅黄伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex flavidulus (Smith, 1858)
  • 霍氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex holmgreni (Wheeler, 1925)
  • 客居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex inquilinus Ward, 1996
  • Pseudomyrmex laevivertex (Forel, 1906)
  • 纤伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex leptosus Ward, 1985 易危物种(Vulnerable),又稱弱伪切叶蚁
  • 利氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex lizeri (Santschi, 1922)
  • Pseudomyrmex oki (Forel, 1906)
  • 苍白伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pallidus (Smith, 1855)
  • 帕氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pazosi (Santschi, 1909)
  • 秘鲁伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex peruvianus (Wheeler, 1925)
  • 罗氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rochai (Forel, 1912)
  • 红腹伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rufiventris (Forel, 1911)
  • 塞米诺伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex seminole Ward, 1985
  • 单伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex simplex (Smith, 1877)
  • 索氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex solisi (Santschi, 1916)
  • 端伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex terminalis (Smith, 1877)

伪切叶蚁绢毛种团 sericeus species-group
14个物種包括:

  • 贝卡伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex beccarii (Menozzi, 1935)
  • Pseudomyrmex cordiae (Forel, 1904)
  • 残酷伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex crudelis Ward, 1999
  • Pseudomyrmex deminutus Ward, 1999
  • 驹伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex eculeus Ward, 1999
  • 猛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ferox Ward, 1999
  • 强壮伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fortis (Forel, 1899)
  • 伊塔伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ita (Forel, 1906)
  • 扰动伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex lisus (Enzmann, E.V., 1944)
  • Pseudomyrmex longior (Forel, 1904)
  • 花色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pictus (Stitz, 1913)
  • 锈红伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rubiginosus (Stitz, 1913)
  • 绢毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex sericeus (Mayr, 1870)
  • 芬氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex vinneni (Forel, 1906)

伪切叶蚁微小种团 subtilissimus species-group
4个物種包括:

  • 针突伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex spiculus Ward, 1989
  • 微小伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex subtilissimus (Emery, 1890)
  • 轻薄伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex tenuissimus (Emery, 1906)
  • 多毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex villosus Ward, 1989

伪切叶蚁齿颈种团 denticollis species-group
4个物種包括:

  • 牛眼伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex boopis (Roger, 1863)
  • 齿颈伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex denticollis (Emery, 1890)
  • 窄结伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex tenuis (Fabricius, 1804)
  • 毁木伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855)

伪切叶蚁弑亲种团 viduus species-group
该种团與蚁豆属(Tachigali)、破布木属(Cordia)及蓼树属(Triplaris)等植物共生,可能是最接近矾木蚁的种团(见同色伪切叶蚁)。13個物种包括:
P. triplaridis)巢穴]]

  • 同色偽切葉}-蚁 Pseudomyrmex concolor (Smith, 1860)
  • 树伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex dendroicus (Forel, 1904)
  • 忧郁伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex insuavis Ward, 1999
  • 库氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (Emery, 1890)
  • 邪恶伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex malignus (Wheeler, 1921)
  • 蛰刺伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex mordax (Warming, 1894)
  • 渗透伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex penetrator (Smith, F., 1877)
  • 疾行伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex tachigaliae (Forel, 1904) 蚁豆伪切叶蚁
  • 枯黄伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex triplaridis (Forel, 1904)
  • 三分伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex triplarinus (Weddell, 1850)
  • 复仇伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ultrix Ward, 1999
  • 弑亲伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex viduus (Smith, 1858)
  • 拒止伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex vitabilis Ward, 1999

未分配种团
17个物种包括:

  • Pseudomyrmex antiquus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex coronatus (Wheeler, 1942)
  • Pseudomyrmex depressus (Forel, 1906)
  • Pseudomyrmex endophytus (Forel, 1912)
  • 亮红伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fervidus (Smith, 1877)
  • 线形伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex filiformis (Fabricius, 1804)
  • Pseudomyrmex gebellii (Forel, 1899)
  • 海地伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex haytianus (Forel, 1901)
  • 西方伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex hesperius Ward, 1993
  • Pseudomyrmex mandibularis (Spinola, 1851)
  • Pseudomyrmex nigrescens (Forel, 1904)
  • 珀氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex perboscii (Guerin-Meneville, 1844)
  • 中红伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rufomedius (Smith, 1877)
  • 桑氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex santschii (Enzmann, 1944)
  • Pseudomyrmex voytowskii (Enzmann, 1944)
  • Pseudomyrmex weberi (Enzmann, 1944)
  • 惠勒伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex wheeleri (Enzmann, 1944)

化石种 Fossil species
13个化石种包括:

  • Pseudomyrmex antiguanus (Enzmann, 1944)
  • Pseudomyrmex avitus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex baros Ward, 1992
  • †Pseudomyrmex coruscus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex extinctus (Carpenter, 1930)
  • Pseudomyrmex macrops Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex nexilis Ward, 1992
  • †Pseudomyrmex oryctus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex prioris Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex saxulum LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015
  • Pseudomyrmex succinus Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex thecolor Ward, 1992
  • Pseudomyrmex vicinus Ward, 1992

参考文獻
外部链接
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