收获蚁属

收获蚁属（学名：Messor）又称收割家蚁属，是蚁科、切叶蚁亚科的一个属，该属有着100多个成员，命名方式源自罗马神话中的农作物和收获之神梅索尔（Messor）。地下群落通常分布在空旷的田野和路边附近，开口直接通向地面。

该属物种的群落可达到很大的规模，并以其设计精巧的粮仓而闻名。在粮仓中，种子被储存在干燥的环境中，以防止发芽。收获蚁的结构巢穴非常复杂，总体而言，该属物种有着很强大的建筑能力。

收获蚁有很多种分化，并且具有独特的大头特化，它们的作用是搬运种子以及开种子。虽然它们主要以种子为食，但偶尔也会吃虫肉。一些蜗牛壳可能因为其形状像谷物而被带入巢穴。

收获蚁具有坚韧、光滑的几丁质外骨骼。行动缓慢，形成长长的携带种子的通道。收获蚁往往是单后制的，一个群落仅由一位蚁后建立，但在人为的环境下，收获蚁可以变成多后群落，但这会有择后的风险（蚁群选举最强的蚁后，弱的蚁后将被处死）。

以沙地收获蚁（Messor arenarius）为例，与其他类型的收割蚁一样，它们在寻找食物来源时会释放追踪信息素，并在个体层面上进行操作。

下属物种属物种
该属包括一下物种：

• 阿氏收获蚁 Messor abdelazizi Santschi, 1921

针毛收获蚁 Messor aciculatus* (Smith, 1874)
*上海收获蚁 Messor aciculatus subsp. risianus*
埃及收获蚁 Messor aegyptiacus* (Emery, 1878)

• 亞歷山大收穫蟻 Messor alexandri Tohme, 1981 亞氏收穫蚁
• Messor mediorubra
• 安氏收穫蟻 Messor andrei (Mayr, 1886)

角收获蚁 Messor angularis* Santschi, 1928 小肯尼亚收获蚁

• Messor antennatus Emery, 1908
• Messor aphaenogasteroides Pisarski, 1967
• Messor aralocaspius Ruzsky, 1902

沙地收获蚁 Messor arenarius* (Fabricius, 1787)
*沙地收获蚁阿氏亚种 Messor arenarius alfierii* Santschi,1938
* 沙地收获蚁恶魔亚种 Messor arenarius subsp. diabolus* Santschi,1938
* 沙地收获蚁底比斯亚种 Messor arenarius subsp. thebaicus* Santschi,1912

• Messor atanassovii Atanassov, 1982
• 野蠻收穫蚁 Messor barbarus (Linnaeus, 1767) 原生收获蚁、芭芭拉收获蚁

* 野蛮收获蚁五倍子亚种 Messor barbarus gallaoides* Santschi, 1929
* 野蛮收获蚁光滑亚种 Messor barbarus politus* Karavaiev, 1912
* 野蛮收获蚁血胸亚种 Messor barbarus mediosanguineus* Donisthorpe, 1946
* 野蛮收获蚁萨氏亚种 Messor barbarus sahlbergi * Forel,1913
* 野蛮收获蚁桑氏亚种 Messor barbarus santschii* Emery,1908

• Messor beduinus Emery, 1922
• Messor berbericus Bernard, 1955
• Messor bernardi Cagniant, 1967
• 布氏收穫蚁 Messor bouvieri Bondroit, 1918
• Messor buettikeri Collingwood, 1985
• Messor caducus (Victor, 1839)
• 开普敦收获蚁 Messor capensis (Mayr, 1862)
• Messor plinii
• 大頭收穫蟻 Messor capitatus (Latreille, 1798)
• Messor carthaginensis Bernard, 1980
• Messor caviceps (Forel, 1902)
• Messor celiae Reyes, 1985
• 巨首收穫蟻 Messor cephalotes (Emery, 1895) 肯尼亚收获蚁
• Messor ceresis Santschi, 1934
• Messor chamberlini Wheeler, 1915
• Messor clypeatus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
• Messor muticus (Nylander, 1849)
• 科氏收穫蟻 Messor collingwoodi Bolton, 1982
• 同色收穫蚁 Messor concolor Santschi, 1927
• Messor decipiens Santschi, 1917
• 齿收穫蟻 Messor dentatus Santschi, 1927
• Messor denticornis Forel, 1910
• Messor denticulatus Santschi, 1927
• Messor arcistriatus
• Messor diabarensis Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor ebeninus Santschi, 1927
• Messor hesperius Santschi, 1927

移动收获蚁 Messor excursionis* Ruzsky, 1905
* Messor excursionis alaschanicus* Ruzsky, 1915
* Messor excursionis fraternus* Ruzsky, 1905
* Messor excursionis sillemi* Stärcke, 1935

• Messor ferreri Collingwood, 1993
• Messor foreli Santschi, 1923
• Messor fraternus Ruzsky, 1905

没食子收获蚁 Messor galla* (Mayr, 1904)

• Messor ebininus Santschi

希伯来收获蚁 Messor hebraeus* Santschi, 1927

• Messor hellenius Agosti & Collingwood, 1987
• Messor himalayanus (Forel, 1902)
• Messor hispanicus Santschi, 1919

伊比利收穫蟻 Messor ibericus* Santschi, 1931

• Messor incisus Stitz, 1923
• Messor incorruptus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
• 无刺收获蚁 Messor inermis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1929
• Messor instabilis (Smith, 1858)
• Messor intermedius Santschi, 1927
• Messor julianus (Pergande, 1894)
• Messor kasakorum Arnol'di, 1969
• 克孜勒库姆收获蚁 Messor kisilkumensis Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor lamellicornis Arnol'di, 1968
• Messor lariversi (Smith, 1951)
• Messor kazakorum Arnoldi, 1969
• Messor lobicornis Forel, 1894
• Messor lobognathus Andrews, 1916
• Messor luebberti Forel, 1910
• Messor luridus Santschi, 1927
• Messor eglalae Sharaf

葡萄牙收获蚁 Messor lusitanicus* Tinaut, 1985

• Messor maculifrons Santschi, 1927
• Messor mcarthuri
• Messor marikovskii Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor marocanus Santschi, 1927
• Messor medioruber Santschi, 1910
• Messor melancholicus Arnol'di, 1977

小收获蚁 minor* (Andre, 1883)
*小收获蚁卡普里亚种 Messor minor capreensis* Santschi, 1927
*小收获蚁卡拉布里亚亚种 Messor minor calabricus* Santschi, 1927
*小收获蚁西方亚种 Messor minor hesperius* Santschi, 1927
*小收获蚁摩尔亚种 Messor minor maurus* Barquin, 1981

• Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977
• Messor nahali Tohme, 1981
• Messor niloticus Santschi, 1938
• Messor oertzeni Forel, 1910
• Messor olegianus Arnol'di, 1969
• 東方收穫蚁 Messor orientalis (Emery, 1898)
• Messor perantennatus Arnol'di, 1969
• **' (Mayr, 1886)
• Messor piceus Stitz, 1923

着色收获蚁 Messor picturatus* Santschi, 1927

• 平頭收穫蚁 Messor planiceps Stitz, 1917 扁頭收穫蚁
• Messor postpetiolatus Santschi, 1917
• 王者收获蚁 Messor regalis (Emery, 1892)
• Messor reticuliventris Karavaiev, 1910
• 紅褐收穫蚁 Messor rufotestaceus (Foerster, 1850)
• Messor rufus Santschi, 1923
• 红结收获蚁 Messor ruginodis Stitz, 1916
• 皺紋收穫蚁 Messor rugosus (Andre, 1881)
• Messor sanctus Emery, 1921
• Messor aciculatus (Smith, 1874)
• Messor sculpturatus Carpenter, 1930
• 半紅收穫蚁 Messor semirufus (Andre, 1883)
• 西氏收穫蚁 Messor semoni (Forel, 1906)
• 史氏收获蚁 Messor smithi (Cole, 1963)
• Messor sordidus (Forel, 1892)
• 斯氏收穫蚁 Messor stoddardi (Emery, 1895)
• 条纹收获蚁 Messor striatellus Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor creticus Salata & Borowiec, 2019
• 紋頭收穫蚁 Messor striaticeps (Andre, 1883)
• Messor striatifrons Stitz, 1923
• Messor striativentris Emery, 1908
• 工匠收获蚁 Messor structor (Latreille, 1798)
• 亚细节收获蚁 Messor subgracilinodis Arnol'di, 1969
• Messor sultanus Santschi, 1917
• Messor syriacus Tohme, 1969
• Messor testaceus Donisthorpe, 1950
• Messor timidus (Espadaler, 1997)

热带收获蚁 Messor tropicorum* Wheeler, 1922

• Messor turcmenochorassanicus Arnol'di, 1977

强壮收获蚁 Messor valentinae* Arnol'di, 1969

• Messor variabilis Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
• Messor vaucheri Emery, 1908
• Messor vicinus Kuznetsov-Ugamsky, 1927
• 沃斯曼收获蚁 Messor wasmanni Krausse, 1910 沃氏收穫蚁

• Messor minor x cf. wasmanni (Interspecific hybrid)
• Messor hismai Collingwood & Agosti, 1996
• Messor hodnii Barech, Khaldi, Espadaler & Cagniant, 2020
• Messor spec Santschi, 1927
• Messor erectus

参考文献