尚·勒內·德西雷·凡賽( ; ),法国新古典主义作曲家、钢琴家,作品大多數為管樂器創作,產量超過200多首,风格獨特而且充满活力。
生平
凡賽出生的家庭有音樂背景,从小就受到家人鼓励創作音樂和學習鋼琴。他的父亲是勒芒音乐学院的院长,母亲是歌唱老师。凡賽先后在勒芒音乐学院和巴黎音乐学院学习,六岁时就开始嘗試作曲,其創作风格深受前輩莫里斯·拉威爾的影响。拉威尔十分賞識年少時的凡賽,曾向他的父母说:“在我的观察來說,一名艺术家最重要有效的天赋,那就是好奇心。无论现在还是将来,你們都不能扼杀凡賽这些珍贵的天赋,否则这樣的天賦會慢慢的離他而去。” 凡賽于1922年出版的第一部作品引起了出版社音樂家的注意,德曼齊亞利便將凡賽引薦向娜迪亚·布朗热,成為他的導師。
由于凡賽是钢琴演奏家,尤其在為管弦乐器创作的室内乐作品以钢琴为主要特色,作品大多採用複雜的對位法。此外,凡賽的作品也包涵不同的音樂形式,包括协奏曲、交響曲、歌剧、戏剧、芭蕾舞、清唱套曲等,尽管他经常将自己的新風格融入到旧的創作方式中,但他是公認的「新古典主义者」,而不是「現代主義者」,主張清晰的音樂語言,拒绝无调性音樂及無意義的即興效果。
凡賽在钢琴方面颇有成就,他曾在巴黎音乐学院获得钢琴一等奖,并在欧洲和美国巡回演出 。他与大提琴家莫里斯·让德隆(Maurice Gendron)的二重奏表现出色,还演奏了大量钢琴协奏曲。1964年,凡賽与他的女儿克劳德·凡賽(Claude Françaix)首演了他的雙钢琴协奏曲。
凡賽的作曲生涯臨到古稀之年也沒有停息。甚至在1981年,凡賽就将自己描述为“不断创作的老人”,并一直持续創作音樂直到1997年逝世。1991年,凡賽被授予法國荣誉军团軍官勋章。
音樂作品列表
- Scherzo (1932), his first mature work for solo piano
- Huit Bagatelles, for piano and string quartet (1932)
- Concertino for piano and orchestra (1932)
- String trio (1933)
- Quartet for winds (1933)
- Beach, ballet (1933)
- Sonatine, for violin and piano (1934)
- Quintet, for flute, harp and string trio (1934)
- Sérénade, for small orchestra (1934)
- Sérénade (Andantino from the 'Sérénade for small orchestra', 1934) – (arr. Maurice Gendron, 1953)
- Petit quatuor, saxophone quartet (1935)
- Le Malheurs de Sophie, ballet (1935)
- Piano concerto (1936)
- Cinq portraits de jeunes filles, piano (1936)
- Le Diable boiteux, Opera (1937)
- Rondino staccato (from the Opera Le Diable boiteux, 1937) – (arr. Maurice Gendron, 1953)
- L'apocalypse selon Saint-Jean, Oratorio (1939)
- L'apostrophe, a musical comedy (1940)
- Berceuse (from 'L'Apostrophe', 1940) – (arr.Maurice Gendron, 1953)
- Divertissement for bassoon and string quintet, or orchestra (1942) – dedicated to William Waterhouse
- L'Arlequin blanc, ballet (1944)
- Mouvement perpétuel (from 'L'Arlequin blanc', 1944) – (arr. Maurice Gendron, 1953)
- L'Heure du Berger, sextet for piano and wind quintet (1947)
- Wind quintet No.1 (1948)
- Les demoiselles de la nuit, ballet (1948)
- Nocturne (from Les demoiselles de la nuit, 1948) – (arr. Maurice Gendron, 1951)
- Symphony in G (1953)
- Divertimento, for horn and piano (1953)
- Divertimento, for flute and piano (1953; orchestrated in 1974)
- Napoléon, film score (1954)
- Si Paris nous était conté film score (1956)
- L'horloge de flore, for oboe and orchestra (1959)
- Harpsichord concerto (1959)
- Suite for solo flute (1962)
- Six preludes, for string orchestra (1963)
- Double piano concerto (1965)
- La princesse de Clèves, Opera (1965)
- Flute concerto (1966)
- Clarinet Concerto (1967)
- Violin concerto No.1 (1968)
- Quartet, for cor anglais and string trio (1970)
- Concerto for double bass and orchestra (1974)
- Le gai Paris, for trumpet and winds (1974)
- Cassazione, for three orchestras (1975)
- Cinque piccoli duetti, for flute and harp (1975)
- Variations sur un thème plaisant, for piano and winds (1976)
- Quintet for clarinet and string quartet (1977)
- Serenade, for guitar (1978)
- Concerto for bassoon and 11 strings (1979)
- Impromptu, for flute and 11 strings (1983)
- Concerto, for trombone and 10 wind instruments (1983)
- Sonata for recorder and guitar (1984)
- Double concerto for flute, clarinet, and orchestra (1991)
- Accordion concerto (1993)
- Trio for oboe, bassoon, and piano (1994) – dedicated to William Waterhouse
- Sonate for flute and piano (1996)
- Neuf historiettes de Tallemant des Réaux for baritone voice, tenor saxophone, and piano (1997) -Françaix's last completed work-
- Marche triomphale for 4 trumpets and organ
參考資料
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