中华人民共和国阅兵是由中华人民共和国官方举办的重要阅兵仪式，主要用以纪念各种重大历史事件（特别是中华人民共和国国庆节）。以国庆节阅兵为例：其通常在北京天安门广场举行，主要出席人士在天安门城楼检阅由中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队、中国民兵以及各群众游行方阵组成的队伍。国庆阅兵在1950年至1959年期间每年举办1次，此后国庆阅兵中断，直至自1984年起恢复国庆阅兵并首次在中央电视台向全球直播阅兵实况，自1999年起形成每10年举办1次的传统。除传统上在天安门广场举办的阅兵式之外，中国大陆亦曾在海上举行阅兵，此外还有於2017年在朱日和基地首次举办的實戰化閱兵。
概要
於紀念中國人民抗日戰爭暨世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70周年大會上發表講話]]
自1950年国庆阅兵以来，北京天安门广场便开始定期举行阅兵仪式，以纪念中华人民共和国正式成立的周年数。现今阅兵每十年举行一次（这一形式始于1999年，旨在纪念建国五十周年），而在此之前，自建国初期起阅兵曾每年举行，直至1959年中国共产党决定以“节约”方式庆祝这一节日。此外，阅兵仪式亦曾于1964年、1966年、1969年、1970年和1984年举行。
直到1959年，在采用苏联式军队国家化传统举行阅兵的年代，阅兵的检阅部分由国防部长负责，该高级职位通常由将军担任（在1984年前由元帅担任，1954年前则由中国人民解放军总司令担任）。阅兵仪式的司仪通常由中共北京市委书记或中共中央政治局委员担任。自1984年以来，阅兵仪式由最高领导人主持，其既以中共中央总书记的政治职务出席，又依党章和宪法履行中央军委主席和全国武装力量最高统帅的职责而率队检阅三军。阅兵总指挥一般为中国人民解放军的高级军官，军衔为中将或少将，通常担任中部战区（及其前身）司令员，或在中央军委现有15个部门中担任高级职务。
阅兵流程
阅兵开始
元帅正于1959年中华人民共和国成立十周年阅兵式上检阅部队]]
上午10时，中国人民解放军军乐团演奏《欢迎进行曲》，标志着阅兵仪式正式开始。中共中央总书记（中华人民共和国最高领导人）到场时，与下列人员一同登上天安门城楼主席台：
- 中华人民共和国国务院总理
- 全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长、中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会主席
- 中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会及其他部门的高级官员
- 中华人民共和国副主席
- 中华人民共和国国务院副总理
- 中央军事委员会副主席及中央军委各部门成员
- 中华人民共和国最高人民法院院长
- 中华人民共和国最高人民检察院检察长
- 中华人民共和国国务委员
- 全国人大常委会副委员长、全国政协副主席
- 中国共产党中央书记处书记
- 党和国家离休领导干部
- 全国人大代表及全国政协委员，包括各民主党派领导、全国政协各机构领导
- 国务院各部部长及部长级国家行政机构的行政首长
- 外交团成员、外国国家元首和/或政府首脑若有则出席
- 私有企业、中央及地方国有企业、人民团体代表
- 省长、市长、中国共产党省委书记和市委书记、地方各级人大领导若有机会则出席
在过去的游行中，来自首都及全国各地的数千名年轻男女聚集在广场，举起纸牌组成各种文字和图案（于2015年废除），同时中国少年先锋队的学生大队集合在大型乐队的两侧。乐队由解放军军乐团的高级指挥所领导，由大约1900名男女成员组成，他们来自驻扎于全国各地的军乐团服役部门。少先队大队手擎红色的大队旗，旗帜在各自的队伍面前清晰可见。
各人员到场之后，升旗仪式开始。不同于平常的升旗仪式，国旗护卫队在北京卫戍区仪仗队礼炮中队的炮手鸣放礼炮21响之下，从人民英雄纪念碑下齐步出发，并列队就位于靠近军乐团的场地中央。与此同时，旗队升旗手从护旗手接过中华人民共和国国旗，并将国旗放入旗杆。这一环节首次运用于1999年的国庆阅兵仪式，是1949年开国大典升旗仪式的一种再现。
在升旗仪式准备完毕、纸牌队伍就位后，阅兵仪式司仪在麦克风前宣布：“女士们，先生们，请全体起立，升国旗，唱国歌！”之后，国旗护卫队旗手下令敬礼，旗队持枪敬礼时军乐团演奏国歌《义勇军进行曲》，国歌演奏完毕后旗队持枪立正并稍息。
Inspection of the parade
As the armed linemen of the Beijing Capital Garrison take their places, the paramount leader then descends to the grounds of the Tiananmen Gate via the elevator and rides on an open top Hongqi L5 for the inspection segment, with around 4,000 to 16,000 military personnel of the PLA, PAP and militia formations assembled by battalions, as well as the 9,000 strong personnel of the mobile column with around 400-900 vehicles. As he arrives at the front of the gate at the Chang'an Avenue, the parade commander (since 1954 the Commander of the Beijing Military Region and later the Central Theater Command) arrives in a similar limousine to inform the paramount leader of the commencement of the inspection of the parade.
The report done, the paramount leader, as the Massed bands play, then inspects the formations, each of its leaders ordering a salute as he passes by and the battalions each present arms (eyes right for unarmed formations and the port arms when using modern rifles), after which they stand at attention. Since 1984 the regular honor guard companies of the Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion (since 2015 the final company is a women's company) together with its national colour guard unit are the first in line for the inspection segment of the parade.
Following the inspection, the paramount leader returns to the Tiananmen Gate to give the national keynote holiday address, at the same time the commander takes his place in the gate as well and the parade formations are now formed in review order as the mobile column now forms up in addition to the flypast.
In the 2019 parade, the order was reversed, this time the paramount leader gives the opening keynote address before departing from the gate for the parade inspection.
Military parade proper
The order Commence the parade! from the parade commander atop Tiananmen Gate is the signal for the parade formation to march past the gate, wherein the dignitaries are gathered, while the crowds are assembled on the stands around the gate which include veterans of the PLA, Young Pioneers, representatives of state and private businesses and distinguished citizens as well as the civil service and the diplomatic corps and foreign press representatives. As the Massed Bands play the Parade March of the PLA, a special parade version of the Military Anthem of the People's Liberation Army, following the fly past of the national and party flags and the flag of the PLA, alongside, in special years, a helicopter formation honoring the number of years of nationhood, the ground column marches first as the General Secretary and other party, state and military leaders take the salute of each of the contingents marching past the saluting stand. Since 1984 the regular honor guard companies of the Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion, including the aforementioned female company, are the first to march past the dignitaries, led by the colour guard carrying the flag of the PLA, which serves as the de facto national colour, alongside the national and party flags that both precede it. Each of the battalions that march past are made up of the following:
- Officers of the CMC, MND and the People's Armed Police
- National Defense University
- Military academies and officer cadet schools
- PLA Ground Forces
- PLA Navy
** PLA Marine Corps
- PLA Air Force
** PLA Airborne Corps
- PLA Special Operations Forces
- PLA Rocket Forces
- Joint Logistics Support Force
- Women's contingent of PLA personnel
- People's Armed Police
- PLA Reserve Service Forces
- China Militia of the CMC and NDMC
- Civilian workers of the CMC, PLA and MND
- Battalion of PLA personnel serving in UN peacekeeping operations
Until the parade of 1959, the PLA, PAP and militia marched separately during the parade proper (the militia marched as part of the civil column). Each of the battalions consists of 350 soldiers (14 rows of 25 soldiers) and are led by the battalion commander and the battalion political commissar, who march at the lead of their unit.
A mobile column then follows which is also formed into battalions, but with the command personnel mounted on their vehicles as they render honors. These are made up of the mostly nationally produced military vehicles and equipment in service and being introduced to serve the needs of the modern PLA. A notable unit to serve in the mobile column is the female contingent from the Bethune Medical College, which was introduced to the parade in 1984. Following this column, the flypast of aircraft from the Ground Forces, Navy and Air Force follows suit.
历年阅兵列表
本表列舉中华人民共和国自建國以來歷年所举行的重大閱兵儀式。根据中国人民解放军《队列条令》规定，中国大陆的阅兵权限由党和国家领导人、中央军委领导、团级以上的部队军政主官以及经由上述人员授权的其他领导人物执行。
天安门广场阅兵
其余为国庆阅兵
特别行政区成立纪念日阅兵
其他阅兵
相關條目
- 香港閱兵列表
注释
参考文献
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