哈罗德·L·艾克斯（，），是美国政治家、公务员和律师。他从1933年至1946年担任美国内政部长近13年，是担任该职位时间最长的人，同时也是继詹姆斯·威尔逊之后美国历史上任职时间第二长的内阁成员。艾克斯与劳工部长弗朗西丝·珀金斯是罗斯福总统内阁中仅有的两位自始至终都留任的阁员。
艾克斯负责实施罗斯福总统的“新政”政策
，他监督公共工程管理局的重大救济计划，并协调联邦政府的环境整治工作。他在当时被认为是一位杰出的自由派代言人、一位娴熟的公共演说家及非裔美国人民权运动的支持者；尽管艾克斯有时在涉及州级隔离的问题时妥协于政治上的权宜之计，但是在内政部长的职权范围内他确实消除了他所能管辖地区的“种族隔离”政策，他曾担任芝加哥的全美有色人种协进会主席。他的儿子后来成为比尔·克林顿总统的。
参考资料
延伸阅读
- Clarke, Jeanne Nienaber. Roosevelt's Warrior: Harold L. Ickes and the New Deal (1996). The Johns Hopkins University Press,
- Crum, Steven J. "Harold L. Ickes and his idea of a chair in American Indian history." History Teacher 25.1 (1991): 19-34. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/494606 online]
- Harmon, M. Judd. "Some Contributions of Harold L. Ickes." Western Political Quarterly 7.2 (1954): 238-252. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/442459 online]
Lear, Linda. Harold L. Ickes: The Aggressive Progressive, 1874-1933* (1982). Taylor & Francis,
- Mackintosh, Barry. "Harold L. Ickes and the National Park Service." Journal of Forest History 29.2 (1985): 78-84. [http://npshistory.com/publications/jfh-v29n2-78-84.pdf online]
- Swain, Donald C. "Harold Ickes, Horace Albright, and the Hundred Days: A Study in Conservation Administration." Pacific Historical Review 34.4 (1965): 455-465. [https://online.ucpress.edu/phr/article-pdf/34/4/455/222087/3636355.pdf online]
- Watkins, T. H. Righteous Pilgrim: The Life and Times of Harold L. Ickes, 1874-1952 (1990). Henry Holt & Co., ; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2703296 online review]
- White, Graham, and John Maze. Harold Ickes of the New Deal: His Private Life and Public Career (1985). Harvard University Press,
外部链接
*
*
- [https://www.nytimes.com/1952/02/04/archives/harold-l-ickes-dead-at-77-colorful-figure-in-new-deal-selfstyled.html Obituary: Harold L. Ickes Dead at 77; Colorful Figure in New Deal; Self-Styled 'Curmudgeon' Was Secretary of Interior in Long, Stormy Career, The New York Times, February 4, 1952]
- [http://memory.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2009/ms009071.pdf Harold L. Ickes Papers: A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress]
- [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433091240048&view=1up&seq=343&skin=2021&q1=Harold%20L.%20Ickes Official congressional directory, 75th Congress; 3rd sess. 2nd ed. (May 1938)]
- [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433091240576&view=1up&seq=399&skin=2021&q1=Harold%20L.%20Ickes Official congressional directory, 79th Congress; 1st sess. (Aug. 1945)]
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