弗里德里希·冯·荷尔斯泰因

弗里德里希·冯·荷尔斯泰因（；），是一位德意志帝国时期的外交家、公务员和学者，他担任德国外交部政治部门负责人长达30年。1890年，帝国宰相奥托·冯·俾斯麦被威廉二世解职后，荷尔斯泰因在制定和推行外交政策方面发挥了重要作用，但他并未公开露面而仅保持幕后的影响力。因此记者马克西米利安·哈登称他为“灰衣主教”。

参考资料
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文献来源

• Robert K. Massie, Britain, Germany, and the Coming of the Great War He is the subject of Chapter 6, "The Monster of the Labyrinth."
• Norman Rich. Friedrich von Holstein, Politics and Diplomacy in the era of Bismarck and Wilhelm II (2 vol. Cambridge: 1965). [https://archive.org/details/friedrichvonhols0001rich/page/n5/mode/2up vol1 1 online]; and [https://archive.org/details/friedrichvonhols0002rich/page/n3/mode/2up vol 2 online]
• T. G. Otte, "Great Britain, Germany, and the Far-Eastern Crisis of 1897-8," English Historical Review (1995) 110#439 pp. 1157–1179 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/577254 in JSTOR]
• The Holstein Papers. Vol. I. Memoirs and Political Observations, edited by Norman Rich and M. H. Fisher (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1955); The Holstein Papers. Vol. 3 (1961)
• Volume 2: Diaries [https://archive.org/details/holsteinpapersvo009902mbp vol 2 Diaries online]
• Review by J. C. G. Röhl, "Review: Friedrich von Holstein," Historical Journal, Sept 1966, Vol. 9 Issue 3, pp 379–388 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2637988 online]

外部链接
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