雷夫·佛漢·威廉斯,OM(,),英國作曲家。他亦是英國民歌的收集者。
生平
早年
佛漢·威廉斯出生於格洛斯特郡的,而其父亞瑟·佛漢·威廉斯則是一名副主教。父親逝世後,他在1875年被其母親-{zh-hans:玛格丽特;zh-hk:瑪嘉烈;zh-tw:瑪格麗特;}-·蘇珊·威奇伍德(Margaret Susan Wedgwood,1843–1937,陶瓷家約書亞·威奇伍德之曾孫女)照顧,並於其位於市北處的利斯山地方的家庭同住。達爾文為威廉斯的伯叔,兩者間頗有關係。
雷夫()於是被稱作尊貴而聰明的中上階級,但他沒有視以為自然,仍努力不懈為其相信的民主和自由觀念奮鬥。
作為一個學生,他學習鋼琴,「但我永不懂彈奏,而小提琴則是我音樂的拯救」。中学毕业之后,进入皇家音乐学院,然后进入剑桥大学三一学院学习音乐史,后又回到皇家音乐学院学习作曲,師從斯坦福與帕里,其中帕里帶來相當大的影響。
1901年取得劍橋大學音樂博士學位。1909年赴巴黎,就教於莫里斯·拉威尔,為拉威爾唯一的門徒。
他的音乐创作成就很晚,直到30岁他的一首名叫《Linden Lea》歌曲才成为他的第一个发表作品。他把很多精力用于收集民歌。
職業生涯
晚年
作品節選
佛漢·威廉斯的大部分作品皆由牛津大學出版社所出版,該社在2022年10月12日(即作曲家一百五十歲誕辰)宣布將一批文獻贈與大英博物馆,其內容包括總譜謄稿、訂正文件,以及指揮首演使用的演奏指示等。以下依美國國會圖書分類法排序,列舉他的部分作品:
; 管風琴
*Three Preludes on Welsh Hymntunes(Bryn Calfaria, Rhosymedre, Hyfrydol)(1920)
*A Wedding Tune for Ann(1943)
*Two Organ Preludes(The White Rock, St. David's Day)(1956)
*The Old Hundredth Psalm-Tune(?)
; 室內樂及樂器
*c小調絃樂五重奏(小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴及鋼琴)(1903)
*g小調第1絃樂四重奏(1908)
*a小調第2絃樂四重奏(1942-44)
《五重奏幻想曲》Phantasy Quintet*(2小提琴、中提琴及2大提琴)(1912)
《六首英國民歌練習曲》Six Studies in English Folk-Song*(大提琴及鋼琴)(1926)
《三首以威爾斯曲調而寫成的前奏曲》Three Preludes on Welsh Hymn Tunes*(管風琴)(1956)
*為中提琴及鋼琴的浪漫曲(日子不詳)
; 管弦樂
*交響曲
*《大海交響曲》(A Sea Symphony*,1903-1909)
*《倫敦交響曲》(A London Symphony*,1913)
*《田園交響曲》(A Pastoral Symphony*,1921)
**f小調第4號交響曲(1931-34)
**D大調第5號交響曲(1938-43)
**e小調第6號交響曲(1946-47)
*《南極交響曲》(Sinfonia Antartica*,1949-52)(基於Scott of the Antarctic這套1948年的電影)
**d小調第8號交響曲(1953-55)
**e小調第9號交響曲(1956-57)
《在郊野的沼澤上》(In the Fen Country*,1904)
《第1諾福克幻想曲》(Norfolk Rhapsody No. 1*,1906,1914修訂)
《黄蜂》,阿里斯托芬式組曲(The Wasps*,1909)
《泰利斯主题幻想曲》(Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis*;1910,1913及1919修訂)
《綠袖子幻想曲》(Fantasia on "Greensleeves"*,1934)
《迪夫與拉沙羅的五個變奏曲》(Five Variants of Dives and Lazarus*,1939)
《大協奏曲》(Concerto Grosso*,1950)
; 協奏曲
*鋼琴
**C大調鋼琴協奏曲(1926-31)
**雙鋼琴協奏曲(1946,為上者之重製)
*小提琴
*《雲雀高飞》(The Lark Ascending*,為小提琴和管弦樂所作,1914)
*《學院協奏曲》(Concerto Accademico*,為小提琴和管弦樂所作,1924-25)
*中提琴
*《田野之花》(Flos Campi*,中提琴、無詞合唱團、小型樂隊,1925)
*《中提琴及小型管弦樂套曲》(Suite for Viola and Small Orchestra*,1936-38)
*雙簧管協奏曲,a小調,(雙簧管及弦樂器,1944)
為鋼琴、合唱團和交響樂團所寫的《為詩篇104篇而寫的幻想曲(類近變奏曲)》(Fantasia(quasi variazione) on the Old 104th Psalm Tune*,1949)
為口琴及樂隊所寫的《降D大調浪漫曲》(Romance in D flat for harmonica and orchestra*,1951,為拉利阿德勒Larry Adler所作)
*f小調低音號協奏曲(Concerto for Bass Tuba,1954)
; 管樂團
*《英国民歌组曲》"English Folk Song Suite"(1923)
*Toccata Marziale for military band(1924)
*Flourish for Wind Band(1939)
*Sea Songs
*Overture: Henry V for brass band
*Variations for brass band(1957)
; 歌劇
*Hugh the Drover或Love in the Stocks(1910-20)
*Sir John in Love(約翰爵士談戀愛1924-28),即其創作之綠袖子主题的來源。
*The Poisoned Kiss(1927-29,修訂版為1936-37及1956-57)
*Riders to the Sea(海上騎士、騎馬入海的人,1925-32),由约翰·沁孤之劇本改編。
*The Pilgrim's Progress(天路歷程,1909-51),基於約翰·本仁之託寓詩
; 芭蕾
*Old King Cole(大王科爾,1923)
*Job, a masque for dancing(假面舞劇《約伯》,1930)
; 合唱
*Toward the Unknown Region, song for chorus and orchestra, setting of Walt Whitman(1906)
*Five Mystical Songs for baritone, chorus and orchestra, settings of George Herbert(1911)
*Fantasia on Christmas Carols for baritone, chorus, and orchestra(1912; arranged also for reduced orchestra of organ, strings, percussion)
*Mass in G小調 for unaccompanied choir(1922)
*Sancta Civitas(The Holy City) oratorio, text mainly from the Book of Revelation(1923-25)
*Te Deum in G(1928)
*Benedicite for soprano, chorus, and orchestra(1929)
*In Windsor Forest, adapted from the opera Sir John in Love(1929)
*Three Choral Hymns(1929)
*Magnificat for contralto, women's chorus, and orchestra(1932)
*Five Tudor Portraits for contralto, baritone, chorus, and orchestra(1935)
*Dona nobis pacem,沃特·衛特曼詞及其他(1936)
*Festival Te Deum for chorus and orchestra or organ(1937)
*Serenade to Music for sixteen solo voices and orchestra, a setting of Shakespeare(1938)
*A Song for Thanksgiving(原作 Thanksgiving for Victory) for narrator, soprano solo, children's chorus, mixed chorus, and orchestra(1944)
*An Oxford Elegy for narrator, mixed chorus and small orchestra(1949)
*Three Shakespeare Songs ,為SATB沒有伴奏的,用作英聯邦國家音樂競賽(The British Federation of Music Festivals National Competitive Festival ,1951)
*Hodie, a Christmas oratorio(1954)
*Folk songs of the Four Seasons for unaccompanied SSA chorus.
*Epithalamion for baritone solo, chorus, flute, piano, and strings(1957)
*Numerous hymns, some of which were first published in the English Hymnal of 1906, of which Vaughan Williams was the musical editor, collaborating with Percy Dearmer.
; 聲樂
*"Linden Lea",歌(1901)
*The House of Life(1904)
*Songs of Travel(1904)
- "The Sky Above The Roof"(1908)
*On Wenlock Edge, song cycle for tenor, piano and string quartet(1909)
*Along the Field, for tenor and violin
*Three Poems by Walt Whitman for baritone and piano(1920)
- Four Poems by Fredegond Shove: for baritone and piano(1922)
*Four Hymns for Tenor, Viola and Strings(1914)
*Merciless Beauty for tenor, two violins, and cello
*Four Last Songs(Vaughan Williams)|Four Last Songs to poems of Ursula Vaughan Williams
*Ten William Blake|Blake songs, song cycle for high voice and oboe(1957)
; 電影、電台、電視配樂
*49th Parallel, 1940, his first, talked into it by Muir Mathieson to assuage his guilt at being able to do nothing for the war-effort
*Coastal Command(film)|Coastal Command, 1942
BBC改編本The Pilgrim's Progress*, 1942
*The People's Land, 1943
*The Story of a Flemish Farm, 1943
*Stricken Peninsula, 1945
*The Loves of Joanna Godden, 1946
*Scott of the Antarctic(1948 film)|Scott of the Antarctic, 1948, partially reused for his Symphony No. 7 **'
評價
- 音樂評論家哈羅德·C·勳伯格:「他的作品總是音樂第一、民族主義第二;充分顯示出大人物的偉大精神,有見地而又極見真性情。」
軼事
- 青年時期的佛漢·威廉斯經常不修邊幅、衣著邋遢,與講究外表的拉威爾形成巴黎街頭一組極為強烈的對比。
參考資料
; 參照
; 期刊雜誌
*
参见
- 古典音乐作曲家列表
外部連結
*
- [http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/vaughanwilliamsr1.shtml 1956 audio interview with Vaughan Williams] on his editing of the English Hymnal(from the BBC)
- [http://www.rvwsociety.com/ The Ralph Vaughan Williams Society]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509085449/http://www.agentsmith.com/rvw.php Ralph Vaughan Williams] web site by Jaron Collis
- Listen to [http://www.coronostro.com/recordings.htm free recordings of Lord, thou hast been our refuge and Linden Lea] from [http://www.coronostro.com Coro Nostro] , a mixed chamber choir based in Leicester, UK.
- [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0891002/ Ralph Vaughan Williams] listing at the IMDB.
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080717132458/http://www.rvwsociety.com/i-frame/tonypalmer.htm Article about Tony Palmer's 2007 film, 'O thou transcendent']
评论 (0)