{{Infobox language
|name=格塔语
|nativename=Didayi
ଡିଡାୟୀ
|region=印度
|ethnicity=7370(2001年普查)和二十进制数词系统。
分布
格塔语由主要分布在奥里萨邦马尔坎基里县、相邻的科拉普特县的3千人使用,
格塔语由平原方言和山地方言两种方言。
音系
格塔语有5个标准元音/a, e, i, o, u/,有时有第六个/æ/,此外有4个鼻化元音/ã, õ, ũ, ĩ/。
重叠构词
成词规则
规则# 1. 重叠词的形成只需改变基式元音。
规则# 2. 重叠式必须与基式不同。单元音基式的重叠式元音为/a/或/}/;基式元音为/u, e, o/的则倾向于出现/a/,基式元音为/e/的倾向于出现/I/。
规则# 3. 双音节基式的元音有如下规则:
*a. 两个元音都是/a/或/?/;
*b. 只有一个基式元音反映为/a/或/]/,另一个不变;
*c. 第一个原因(Vl)变为/u/,第二个元音(V^)变为/a/。
规则# 4. 三音节基式,相邻音节的一个、两个或三个元音都变为/a/或/}/。
规则# 5. 重叠式无论元音结构如何,都是以如下方式推到出来的:
*a. 若是由两个词干构成的复合动词,那么根据它们间的关系,一个或两个词干都会发生变化;
*b. 与动词主干一起出现的名词重叠式独立变化,与名词主干相连的重叠式只与主干一起变化;
*c. 包含前缀的动词结构中,将前缀与动词视作一个整体。
相邻的语言
格塔语的重叠构词与临近的蒙达语,如雷莫语、古托布语、科拉普特奥里亚语Desia方言的重叠构词惊人地相似,这三种语言的重叠词也都是基础词衍生出来的,且只需要改变元音。
参考
阅读更多
*Anderson, Gregory D.S. (n.d.). [http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots/hotspot.GSA.munda.Gta.html#GtaPayPal Gtaʔ (Didey) Language – Munda Languages Project – Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages] .
*Anderson, Gregory D.S. 2001. "A new classification of South Munda: Evidence from comparative verb morphology". Indian Linguistics 62.1: 21–36.
Anderson, Gregory D.S. 2008. "Gtaʔ." In: Gregory D.S. Anderson (ed.), The Munda Languages*. London / New York. [Routledge Language Family Series]. 682–763.
Bauer, Christian. 1993. Review of: Robert Parkin: A guide to Austroasiatic speakers and their languages. (Oceanic Linguistics, Special Publication, no. 23.) ix, 198, [xv] pp. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991. In: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies*, vol. 56, issue 1 (February 1993), pp. 193–194.
*DeArmond, R. (1976). [http://www.languagesgulper.com/eng/Munda.html Proto-Gutob-Remo-Gtaq Stressed Monosyllabic Vowels and Initial Consonants] . Austroasiatic Studies Part I, 13, 213–227. Munda. (n.d.). Retrieved February 15, 2015
Odden, D. (1987). "Arguments against the Vowel Plane" in Gtaʔ Linguistic Inquiry*, 18(3), 523–529.
Parkin, R. (1988). "Marriage, Behaviour and Generation among the Munda of Eastern India". Zeitschrift für Ethnologie*, 113(1), 69–80.
Sidwell, P., & Jenny, M. (2014). The Handbook of Austroasiatic Languages* (2 vols). Leiden: Brill.
Stampe, D. (1965). "Recent Work in Munda Linguistics I". International Journal of American Linguistics*, 31(4), 332–341.
Zide, N. (1976). "A Note on Gtaʔ Echo Forms", in P. Jenner, L. Thompson, and S. Starosta, eds., Austroasiatic Studies*, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.
外部链接
- [http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/austroasiatic/AA/Munda/Dictionaries/Gta_Chatterji Online Gtaʔ Dictionary (Chatterji)]
- [http://www.ling.hawaii.edu/austroasiatic/AA/Munda/Dictionaries/Gta_Mahapatra Online Gtaʔ Dictionary (Mahapatra)]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071220050136/http://munda.chikyu.ac.jp/ Toshiki Osada's Munda Site (with information on Gta, Gutob, Ho, Mundari)]
- [http://globalrecordings.net/en/program/C24630/ Gta' Audio Recording]
- [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4186 Gta']
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