南亚语系中,次要音节是一个弱化的音节,后面跟着一个带声调或带重音的音节。次要音节常以或的形式出现,其中的元音弱化,如高棉语口语; 或以这样无元音的形式出现,如姆拉布里语“肚脐”(次要音节)和“底部”(次要音节),以及卡西语kyndon“规则”(次要音节)、syrwet“标志”(次要音节)、kylla“变形”(次要音节)、symboh“种子”(次要音节)和tyngkai “节约”(次要音节)。这样的抑扬格模式有时也被称作倍半音节(sesquisyllabic),此术语由美国语言学家詹姆斯·马提索夫于1973年提出(Matisoff 1973:86)。
有时次要音节可以因语言接触产生。许多占语支语言和缅甸语在与南亚语系接触后演化出了次要音节。缅甸语的次要音节为形式,声母无复辅音、无韵尾、声调。
原始台语和上古汉语的较新构拟也包含倍半音节词根,现代台语支和现代汉语已经完全转化为单音节。
另见
*东南亚语言联盟
*高棉语#重音
注释
参考
*Brunelle, Marc; Kirby, James; Michaud, Alexis; Watkins, Justin. (2017). [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01617182/document Prosodic systems: Mainland Southeast Asia] . HAL 01617182.
Butler, Becky Ann. (2014). Deconstructing the Southeast Asian sesquisyllable: A gestural account (Doctoral dissertation)*. Cornell University.
Ferlus, Michel. (2004). [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00927222/document The origin of tones in Viet-Muong] . In Papers from the Eleventh Annual Conference of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society* (pp. 297–313). HAL 00927222v2.
Ferlus, Michel. (2009). [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01581138/document What were the four Divisions of Middle Chinese?] . Diachronica, 26*(2), 184-213. HAL 01581138v2.
- Matisoff, James A. (1973). 'Tonogenesis in Southeast Asia'. In Larry M. Hyman (ed.), [http://gsil.sc-ling.org/pubs/SCOPILS_1_3_4/consonant_types_and_tone.pdf Consonant Types and Tone] (Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistics No. 1), pp. 73–95. Los Angeles: Linguistics Program, University of Southern California.
Kirby, James & Brunelle, Marc. (2017). Southeast Asian tone in areal perspective. In R. Hickey (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Areal Linguistics* (pp. 703–731).
Michaud, Alexis. (2012). [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00436432/document Monosyllabicization: patterns of evolution in Asian languages] . In Monosyllables: From phonology to typology* (pp. 115–130). HAL 00436432v3.
Svantesson, J.-O. & Karlsson, A. M. (2004). [http://sprosig.org/tal2004/tal2004-Beijing/Svantesson-Karlsson.pdf Minor syllable tones in Kammu]. In International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages (TAL 2004)*.
- Thomas, David (1992). [http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/thomas1992sesquisyllabic.pdf 'On Sesquisyllabic Structure'] . The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal, 21, pp. 206–210.
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