的雨水花園]]
雨水花園是處理地表逕流的設施，也稱為生物滯留設施，是旨在提高土壤對雨水徑流再吸收能力的多種措施之一。它們也可以用於處理受污染的地表徑流。雨水花園是經過精心設計的景觀場所，旨在降低來自不透水城市區域（如屋頂、車道、人行道、停車場和壓實草坪）的徑流流量、總量和污染物負荷。主要透過植被或特定的土壤介質，以降低徑流的流速和初步過濾從屋頂、車道、人行道、停車場等地方流入的污染物，建立於市區中更有助舒緩熱島效應。
雨水花園通常種植濕地邊緣植被，例如野花、莎草、燈心草、蕨類植物、灌木和小喬木。這些植物吸收流入雨水花園的養分和水分，並透過蒸散作用將水蒸氣釋放回大氣。植物深紮的根係還能為雨水滲入地下創造額外的通道。根係可以增強入滲，維持甚至提高土壤滲透性，重新分配水分，並維持參與生物過濾的多種微生物群落。微生物有助於分解有機化合物（包括某些污染物）並去除氮。
雨水花園益處良多：它們透過過濾徑流改善水質，提供局部防洪功能，營造美觀的景觀，並提供多樣化的植物種植機會。此外，它們還能促進野生動物和生物多樣性，以全面且環保的方式將建築物及其周圍環境連接起來。雨水花園可以改善附近水體的水質，並補充枯竭的地下水。雨水花園還能減少進入雨水排水系統的污染徑流，這些徑流直接排放到地表水體，造成侵蝕、水污染和洪水。雨水花園也能透過減少傳統雨水基礎設施的負荷來降低能源消耗。
相關條目
*人工濕地
*生態水文學
*綠化屋頂
*微氣候
*雨水撲滿
*城市逕流
參考資料
伸延閱讀
- Dunnett, Nigel and Andy Clayden. Rain Gardens: Sustainable Rainwater Management for the Garden and Designed Landscape. Timber Press: Portland, 2007.
- Liu, Jia, David J. Sample, Cameron Bell and Yuntao Guan. 2014. [http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/6/4/1069/htm “Review and Research Needs of Bioretention Used for the Treatment of Urban Stormwater”] . Water, 6 (4): 1069–1099. [https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fw6041069 “doi:10.3390/w6041069”]
- Prince George's County. 1993. Design Manual for Use of Bioretention in Stormwater Management. Prince George's County, MD Department of Environmental Protection. Watershed Protection Branch, Landover, MD.
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- Kraus, Helen, and Anne Spafford. Rain Gardening in the South: Ecologically Designed Gardens for Drought, Deluge & Everything in Between. Eno Publishers: Hillsborough, NC, 2009.
- Bray, B., Gedge, D., Grant, G., Leuthvilay, L. UK Rain Garden Guide. Published by RESET Development, London, 2012
外部連結
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071205203223/http://www.landandwater.com/features/vol48no5/vol48no5_2.php Rain garden case study], Burnsville, MN (USA). 2004. Land & Water: 48(5).
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060326171040/http://www.flcities.com/membership/library_water_grassroots.asp Water at the Grass Roots] A brief introduction to Low Impact Development and rain gardens
- [https://www.bbg.org/gardening/article/creating_a_rain_garden Creating a Rain Garden] Details for construction of a rain garden with a link to a long plant list from Brooklyn Botanical Garden]
- [http://www.raingardennetwork.com/ Rain Garden Network - Local Solutions to Local Stormwater Issues] — Chicago, Illinois, United States
- [http://www.urbanstreams.unimelb.edu.au/ Stormwater Tender project] — Little Stringybark Creek, Victoria, Australia
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705093917/http://www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/raingarden_design/ Rain Garden Design Templates for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed]
- [http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/Stormwater/raingarden/ Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources — Rain Gardens]
- [http://www.melbournewater.com.au/raingardens/ Healthy Waterways Raingardens Program — Melbourne, Victoria, Australia]
- [http://raingardens.info/ UK Rain Garden Guide]
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