安德烈·岡德·法蘭克(;),是美国德裔社会学家和經濟史学家。1970年,法蘭克主張相互依賴理论。1984年后,法蘭克提出世界体系理论。
生平
法蘭克,出生在德国的犹太家庭。父母是和平主义作家莱昂哈德·法蘭克,和他的第二任妻子埃琳娜·马克恩·彭斯维尔(Elena Maqenne Penswehr)。纳粹上台时,法蘭克全家逃离德國,前往瑞士。1941年,法蘭克全家又移民美国。1950年,法蘭克自斯沃斯莫尔学院取得经济学学士。 1957年,在芝加哥大学獲得经济学博士。法蘭克的博士論文是針對苏联的农业,题为〈乌克兰农业的增长和生产力:1928-1955〉。讽刺的是,其论文导师是自由市場支持者米尔顿·弗里德曼。
1950年代至1960年代初期,法蘭克在美国大学任教。 1962年,移居拉丁美洲。在此期间,法蘭克在智利大学担任社会学和经济学教授,参与萨尔瓦多·阿连德的社会主义改革。1973年,阿连德政府遭政变推翻後,法蘭克逃往欧洲。1981年到1994年退休為止,法蘭克一直担任阿姆斯特丹大学发展经济学教授。
法蘭克与傅恩蒂絲(Marta Fuentes)结婚,育有兩子。夫婦共同撰写几篇关于社会运动的研究。1993年6月,其妻傅恩蒂絲於阿姆斯特丹去世。第二任妻子是社会学家Nancy Howell:与她结婚时,他们住在多伦多。2005年,法蘭克在他第三任妻子艾莉森的照顾下死于癌症。
作品與理論
法蘭克的研究領域涉及人类学、经济学、地理学、历史学、国际关系、政治学和社会学等。法蘭克撰写了大量研究关于世界体系、发达国家,尤其是第三世界和拉丁美洲的经济、社会和政治历史和当代发展。法蘭克雖使用馬克思主義的理論,但未接受馬克思的歷史階段論。
1990年代,法蘭克研究重心是世界历史。受自己在里加斯德哥尔摩经济学院(SSE Riga)的演讲启发,他重新开始分析千禧年的全球政治经济。2006年,在的支持下,里加斯德哥尔摩经济学院收到了法蘭克的个人藏书,並以他的名义设立了「安德烈·冈德·法蘭克纪念图书馆」。
法蘭克最著名的作品,是1967年的《拉丁美洲資本主義與經濟落後》(),是形成相互依賴理论的作品之一。
晚年,他重要作品有《白銀資本︰重視經濟全球化中的東方》(),及与 巴里·吉爾斯(Barry Gills)合著的《世界体系:五百年或五千年》()。法蘭克的理论集中在这样一种地理決定論上:一国的经济实力取决于历史环境——尤其是地理因素——决定了它的全球实力。法蘭克認為纯粹以出口为导向的发展解决方案實不利穷国。法蘭克的另一項學術成就在世界体系理论。他认为世界体系的形成不迟于公元前4000年;他的论点相左於沃勒斯坦等认为起源于“漫长的 16 世纪”的想法。法蘭克为,「數個」世界系统的想法没有多大意义,如果世界上有许多“世界系统”,那么那些“世界系统”根本不配被称为“世界系统”,应该只谈论一个单一的世界体系。
作品列表
專书
- (1966) The Development of Underdevelopment. Monthly Review Press.
- (1967) Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America. Monthly Review Press.
- (1969) Latin America: Underdevelopment or Revolution. Monthly Review Press.
- (1971) [https://sociologiadeldesarrolloi.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/63853988-lumpenburguesia-andre-gunder-frank.pdf Lumpenburguesía : Lumpendesarrollo] . México : Era. (Spanish)
- (1972) Lumpenbourgeoisie, Lumpendevelopment. Monthly Review Press. (tr. Marion Davis Berdecio)
- (1975) On Capitalist Underdevelopment. Bombay: Oxford University Press.
- (1976) Economic Genocide in Chile. Equilibrium on the point of a bayonet. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman.
- (1978) World Accumulation, 1492–1789. Monthly Review Press.
- (1978) Dependent Accumulation and Underdevelopment. Monthly Review Press.
- (1979) Mexican Agriculture 1521-1630: Transformation of the Mode of Production. Cambridge University Press.
- (1980) Crisis: In the World Economy. New York: Holmes & Meier.
- (1981) In the Third World. New York: Holmes & Meier.
- (1981) Reflections on the World Economic Crisis. Monthly Review Press.
- (1982) Dynamics of Global Crisis, with S. Amin, G. Arrighi and I. Wallerstein. Monthly Review Press.
- (1983) The European Challenge. Nottingham, UK: Spokesman.
- (1984) Critique and Anti-Critique. New York: Praeger.
- (1996) The World System: Five Hundred Years or Five Thousand? with Barry K. Gills, Routledge.
- (1998) ReOrient: Global Economy in the Asian Age. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- (2013) ReOrienting the 19th Century: Global Economy in the Continuing Asian Age, with Robert A. Denemark, Paradigm Publishers.
期刊文章
- (1958) "General Productivity in Soviet Agriculture and Industry," Journal of Political Economy
- (1958) "Goal Ambiguity and Conflicting Standards: An approach to the study of organization," Human Organization
- (1977) "Long Live Transideological Enterprise: the socialist economies in the capitalist international division of labor," Review: A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center
- (1989) "Ten Theses on Social Movements," with M. Fuentes, World Development
- (1990) "Theoretical Introduction to Five Thousand Years of World System History," Review: A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center
- (1992) "Third World War: A Political Economy of the Gulf War and New World Order," Third World Quarterly 13(2).
- (1994) "Is Real World Socialism Possible?," Democracy & Nature, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 152–175
书籍章节
- (1990) "Civil Democracy, Social Movements in World History," with M. Fuentes. In Amin et al., Transforming the Revolution.
- (1990) "Revolution in Eastern Europe: Lessons for democratic socialist movements (and socialists)." In Tabb, ed., Future of Socialism.
- (1992) "The Underdevelopment of Development," with M.F. Frank. In Savoie, D.J. and I. Brecher, eds., Equity and Efficiency in Economic Development. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
- (2001) "The Global Economy, AD 1400-1800: Comparisons and Relations." In Suneja, V., ed., Understanding Business: Markets. A Multidimensional Approach to the Market Economy. London: Routledge.
參見
- 萨米尔·阿明
- 世界体系理论
參考資料
- Chew, Sing C. & Robert Denemark, eds. 1996. The Underdevelopment of Development: Essays in Honor of Andre Gunder Frank. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Duchesne, Ricardo, "Between Sinocentrism and Eurocentrism: Debating A.G. Frank's Re-Orient," Science & Society, Vol. 65, No. 4, 2001/2002, pp. 428–463
- Wallerstein, Immanuel, "Remembering Andre Gunder Frank," History Workshop Journal, Volume 61, Number 1, 2006, pp. 305–306(2), Oxford University Press
- Gills, Barry, "In Memoriam: Andre Gunder Frank (24 February 1929 to 23 April 2005)," Globalizations, Volume 2, Number 1, May 2005, pp. 1–4(4), Routledge
- Alberto Castrillón M, "In memoriam. André Gunder Frank (1929-2005)," Revista de Economía Institucional, Vol. 7 (2005) 273-278
- Gregory Shank, [http://www.socialjusticejournal.org/SJEdits/100Edit_AGF.html "In Memoriam: Remembering Andre Gunder Frank (February 24, 1929, to April 23, 2005),"] Social Justice, Vol. 32, No. 2 (2005). Retrieved 30.12.2017.
外部連接
- [http://rrojasdatabank.info/agfrank/ Andre Gunder Frank] website
- David Landes; Andre Gunder
- Frank; [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/116051-1 Economic History Debate] on C-SPAN2 (Northeastern University World History Center, 1998-12-02)
- Samir Amin, [http://www.monthlyreview.org/0405amin.htm A Note on the Death of André Gunder Frank (1929-2005)] , Monthly Review, April 2005.
- Theotonio dos Santos, [http://www.monthlyreview.org/0505dossantos.htm André Gunder Frank (1929-2005)] , Monthly Review, May 2005.
- [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article526085.ece Andre Gunder Frank] , The Times, May 25, 2005
- [http://www.wisdomsupreme.com/dictionary/andre-gunder-frank.php Andre Gunder Frank (1929-2005)]
- [http://www.networkideas.org/news/apr2005/news26_Andre_Gunder_Frank.htm Andre Gunder Frank : 'Prophet in the Wilderness' (1929 -2005)]
- Jeff Sommers, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060513010228/http://worldhistoryconnected.press.uiuc.edu/2.2/sommers.html "The Contradictions of a Contrarian: Andre Gunder Frank"], Social Justice, Vol.32, No.2 (2005).
- Andre Gunder Frank Audio Collection at the International Institute of Social History
评论 (0)