普什圖語語法(Pashto grammar)是普什圖語的語法;普什圖語語法是一種主賓動語序(SOV) 語言語法,具有部份作格性。 形容詞放在名詞之前。 名詞和形容詞在性別(陽性及陰性)、數(單數及複數)以及格(直接格、斜格、離格,以及呼格)上發生變化。 動詞系統非常複雜,有以下時態:現在式;簡單過去式、、現在完成式; 以及過去完成式。 在任何過去式(簡單過去式、過去進行式、現在完成式、過去完成式)中,普什圖語是一種作格語言; 也就是任何過去式的及物動詞都與句子的賓語一致。 顯示出一些不規範的語法特徵,其中一些是被文學語言拋棄的古語、或者古舊形式的遺留。在以下文内,重音由元音上的以附加符號標記之:ә́、á、ā́、ú、ó、í 與 é。
註解
:1. Pashto has a rich number of dialects due to which the language has been spelled several ways in English: Pashto, Pakhto, Pukhto.
註釋
參考文獻
- 車洪才(主編),《普什圖語漢語詞典》,商務印書館, 2014-12-01. ISBN 9787100108997
- Gusain, Lakhan (2008?) A Grammar of Pashto. Ann Arbor, MI: Northside Publishers.
- Herbert Penzl A Grammar of Pashto: A Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan,
- Herbert Penzl A Reader of Pashto,
參閲
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*瓦罕語
外部連結
*Anne Boyle David, "Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and its Dialects"
*Habibullah Tegey & Barbara Robson (1996) Center for Applied Linguistics
Herbert Penzl, A Grammar of Pashto: A Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan*
*Georg Morgenstierne, "'AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧtō'", [https://web.archive.org/web/20090610013053/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/index.isc?Article=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranica.com%2Fnewsite%2Farticles%2Funicode%2Fv1f5%2Fv1f5a040a.html Encyclopaedia Iranica]
*Longnow, Rosettaproject, [https://archive.org/download/rosettaproject_pbt_morsyn-2/rosettaproject_pbt_morsyn-2.pdf Pashto, Southern Grammar]
*Mohammad Abid Khan & Fatima-Tuz-Zuhra, "Towards the Computational treatment of the Pashto Verb" 18(1) Scientific Khyber pp. 123–141 (2005)
- Noor Ullah, "Pashto Grammar" (2011),
- M. Zyar, "ليک لارښود - Writing Guide" (2006)
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