威廉·特威德

威廉·马吉尔·特威德（，），綽號特威德老大（Boss Tweed），美国政治家，坦慕尼协会领袖，18世纪纽约州和纽约市重要的政治力量。特威德持有资产包括铁路、银行、印刷企业、旅馆、铁矿、照明公司等，1852年当选联邦参议员，1867年当选纽约州参议员。1877年因政治腐败被判刑，他侵吞的金额高达2亿美元。

参考文献

• Ackerman, K. D. (2005). Boss Tweed: The rise and fall of the corrupt pol who conceived the soul of modern New York. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. .

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• Callow, Alexander B. (1966). The Tweed Ring. New York: Oxford University Press
• Ellis, Edward R. (2004). The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History. Carroll & Graf Publishers. ,
• Hershkowitz, Leo. Tweed's New York: Another Look. (New York: Anchor Press, 1977), [https://archive.org/details/tweedsnewyorkano00hers online]
• [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Tweed-Wi.html "William Marcy [sic] Tweed"] Encyclopedia.com (Cengage), May 23, 2018
• Mandelbaum, Seymour J. (1965). Boss Tweed's New York. New York: John Wiley.
• Paine, Albert B. (1974). Th. Nast, His Period and His Pictures. Princeton: Pyne Press. (The original edition, published in 1904, is now in the public domain.)
• Sante, Lucy (2003). Low Life: Lures and Snares of Old New York. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.
• Staff (July 4, 2005). [https://www.gothamgazette.com/open-government/2878-boss-tweed "Boss Tweed"], Gotham Gazette