木霉属

木霉属（）是肉座菌科下的一个属，是一属生長快速且普遍存在環境中的腐生性絲狀真菌，如土壤、空氣、植物殘骸枯枝落葉、各種醱酵物上，或是植物根圈、葉片、種子及球莖表面。

木黴又称木霉菌，最大的特色就是超寄生，入侵其他真菌的菌絲中，與作物的病原真菌結抗，是目前最普遍應用的生物性殺菌劑真菌菌種。

形態特徵
菌絲：無色，分支錯綜複雜，菌落棉絮狀。無性態的木黴，在產孢前是白色，產孢後變成綠色。

分生孢子梗：其形態為直立或微彎、有次級分支。

瓶狀孢子梗：略呈圓錐，長在分生孢子梗兩側、可能是單生或是叢生。

瓶狀孢子：(黃)綠色(橢)圓形，有黏性，單孢單室，集結於瓶梗。

厚膜孢子：透明無色的圓形或卵圓形孢子，其外壁光滑、可能為間生或頂生。
{{common taxon list|italic=yes
|无厚垣孢木霉 |Trichoderma achlamydosporum |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
|枝顶孢状木霉 |Trichoderma acremonioides |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
|适应木霉 |Trichoderma adaptatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma aeroaquaticum |K. Yamag., Tsurumi, Chuaseehar. & Nakagiri
||Trichoderma aerugineum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma aestuarinum |M. Gonçalves & A. Alves
||Trichoderma aethiopicum |Mulaw, C.P. Kubicek & Samuels
||Trichoderma afarasin |P. Chaverri & F.B. Rocha
|非洲哈茨木霉 |Trichoderma afroharzianum |P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Degenkolb & Druzhin.
|聚集木霉 |Trichoderma aggregatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|侵占木霉 |Trichoderma aggressivum |Samuels & W. Gams
||Trichoderma albocorneum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|拟淡黄木霉 |Trichoderma albofulvopsis |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma albofulvum |(Berk. & Broome) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma albolutescens |Jaklitsch
|白绿木霉 |Trichoderma alboviride |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|白色木霉 |Trichoderma album |Preuss
||Trichoderma alcalifuscescens |(Overton) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|桤木木霉 |Trichoderma alni |Jaklitsch
|山地木霉 |Trichoderma alpinum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|棒木霉 |Trichoderma alutaceum |Jaklitsch
|亚马逊木霉 |Trichoderma amazonicum |P. Chaverri & Gazis
||Trichoderma americanum |(Canham) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|美丽木霉 |Trichoderma amoenum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|近哈茨木霉 |Trichoderma anaharzianum |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
||Trichoderma andinense |(Samuels & Petrini) Samuels, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma angustum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|不等钩状木霉 |Trichoderma anisohamatum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma appalachiense |Samuels & Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma applanatum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|水生木霉 |Trichoderma aquaticum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma arachnoideum |Kuritzina & Sizova
||Trichoderma arundinaceum |Zafari, Gräfenhan & Samuels
|亚洲木霉 |Trichoderma asiaticum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma asperelloides |Samuels
|棘孢木霉 |Trichoderma asperellum |Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg
||Trichoderma asterineum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|不对称木霉 |Trichoderma asymmetricum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma atlanticum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma atrobrunneum |F.B. Rocha, P. Chaverri & Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma atrogelatinosum |(Dingley) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|深绿木霉 |Trichoderma atroviride |P. Karst.
||Trichoderma attinorum |Q.V. Montoya, L.A. Meirelles, P. Chaverri & A. Rodrigues
|窄梗木霉 |Trichoderma angustum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|阿帕拉契木霉 |Trichoderma appalachiense |Samuels & Jaklitsch
|扁平木霉 |Trichoderma applanatum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|类棘孢木霉 |Trichoderma asperelloides |Samuels
|星孔木霉 |Trichoderma asterineum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|深褐木霉 |Trichoderma atrobrunneum |F.B. Rocha, P. Chaverri & W. Jaklitsch
|深绿木霉 |Trichoderma atroviride |P. Karst.
|平展橙红木霉 |Trichoderma aurantioeffusum |Jaklitsch
|黄绿木霉 |Trichoderma aureoviride |Rifai
|奥地利木霉 |Trichoderma austriacum |Jaklitsch
|澳洲康宁木霉 |Trichoderma austrokoningii |Samuels & Druzhin.
||Trichoderma avellaneum |(Rogerson & S.T. Carey) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma balearicum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|版纳木霉 |Trichoderma bannaense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|须木霉 |Trichoderma barbatum |Samuels
||Trichoderma bavaricum |Jaklitsch
|北京木霉 |Trichoderma beijingense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma beinartii |du Plessis, Druzhin., Atan., Yarden & K. Jacobs
|二叉木霉 |Trichoderma bifurcatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma bissettii |Sand.-Den. & Guarro
|波密木霉 |Trichoderma bomiense |Y.B. Zhang & W.Y. Zhuang
|短梗木霉 |Trichoderma breve |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|短密木霉 |Trichoderma brevicompactum |G.F. Kraus, C.P. Kubicek & W. Gams，短致木霉
|短粗木霉 |Trichoderma brevicrassum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma brevipes |(Mont.) Samuels
||Trichoderma britannicum |(Rifai & J. Webster) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|英丹木霉 |Trichoderma britdaniae |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|灵芝木霉 |Trichoderma ganodermatis |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|胶状木霉 |Trichoderma gelatinosum |P. Chaverri & Samuels，胶质木霉
|加纳木霉 |Trichoderma ghanense |Yoshim. Doi, Y. Abe & Sugiy.
||Trichoderma gillesii |Samuels
|粉绿木霉 |Trichoderma glaucum |E.V. Abbott
||Trichoderma gliocladium |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|球形孢木霉 |Trichoderma globoides |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma gracile |Samuels & Szakács
|大孢木霉 |Trichoderma grande |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma granulosum |Fuckel
|密集木霉 |Trichoderma gregarium |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|贵州木霉 |Trichoderma guizhouense |Q.R. Li, McKenzie & Yong Wang bis
|海南木霉 |Trichoderma hainanense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|钩状木霉 |Trichoderma hamatum |(Bonord.) Bainier
|哈兹木霉 |Trichoderma harzianum |Rifai，哈茨木霉
||Trichoderma hausknechtii |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|河北木霉 |Trichoderma hebeiense |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma helicolixii |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|旋状木霉 |Trichoderma helicum |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács
|河南木霉 |Trichoderma henanense |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|衡山木霉 |Trichoderma hengshanicum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma hexasporum |(Boedijn) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|毛状木霉 |Trichoderma hirsutum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma hispanicum |(Jaklitsch & Voglmayr) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|香港木霉 |Trichoderma hongkongensis |(Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang) Z.Q. Zeng & W.Y. Zhuang
|湖北木霉 |Trichoderma hubeiense |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|湖南木霉 |Trichoderma hunanense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma hunua |(Dingley) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma hypoxylon |Jing Z. Sun, Xing Z. Liu & K.D. Hyde
|不等瓶梗木霉 |Trichoderma inaequilaterale |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
|不显木霉 |Trichoderma inconspicuum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|异味木霉 |Trichoderma ingratum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|无钩木霉 |Trichoderma inhamatum |Veerkamp & W. Gams
|显著木霉 |Trichoderma insigne |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|交织木霉 |Trichoderma intricatum |Samuels & Dodd
||Trichoderma istrianum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|意大利木霉 |Trichoderma italicum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma ivoriense |Samuels
||Trichoderma izawae |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma junci |Jaklitsch
|长枝康宁木霉 |Trichoderma konilangbra |Samuels, Petrini & C.P. Kubicek
|亚木霉 |Trichoderma koningii |Oudem.，康宁木霉
|拟康宁木霉 |Trichoderma koningiopsis |Samuels, Carm. Suárez & H.C. Evans
||Trichoderma koreanum |S.-Y. Oh, M.S. Park & Y.W. Lim
||Trichoderma kunigamense |Yabuki & Okuda
|昆明木霉 |Trichoderma kunmingense |Z.F. Yu & J.Y. Li
||Trichoderma lacteum |Bissett
||Trichoderma lacuwombatense |(B.S. Lu, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|光孢木霉 |Trichoderma laevisporum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma lanuginosum |Samuels
||Trichoderma latizonatum |(Peck) Samuels
||Trichoderma leguminosarum |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma leucopus |Jaklitsch
|稀梗木霉 |Trichoderma liberatum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma lieckfeldtiae |Samuels
|柠檬黄木霉 |Trichoderma limonium |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|林芝木霉 |Trichoderma linzhiense |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|黑甲木霉 |Trichoderma lixii |(Pat.) P. Chaverri
|长枝木霉 |Trichoderma longibrachiatum |Rifai
|长梗木霉 |Trichoderma longifialidicum |Q.V. Montoya, L.A. Meirelles, P. Chaverri & A. Rodrigues
|长毛木霉 |Trichoderma longipile |Bissett
|长毛木霉 |Trichoderma longipilis |Bissett
|长孢木霉 |Trichoderma longisporum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma luteocrystallinum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma luteoeffusum |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma lycogaloides |(Berk. & Broome) Jaklitsch, Lechat & Voglmayr
|莽山木霉 |Trichoderma mangshanicum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|马地木霉 |Trichoderma margaretense |Jaklitsch
||Trichoderma scalesiae |Samuels & H.C. Evans
|蜥状木霉 |Trichoderma scorpioideum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
||Trichoderma semiorbis |(Berk.) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma sempervirentis |Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma seppoi |Jaklitsch
|韶关木霉 |Trichoderma shaoguanicum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|神龙架木霉 |Trichoderma shennongjianum |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|四川木霉 |Trichoderma sichuanense |Kai Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma silvae-virgineae |Jaklitsch
|相似木霉 |Trichoderma simile |Z.F. Yu & Y.F. Lv
|西蒙斯木霉 |Trichoderma simmonsii |P. Chaverri, F.B. Rocha, Samuels, Degenkolb & Jaklitsch
|简单木霉 |Trichoderma simplex |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|中国木霉 |Trichoderma sinense |Bissett, C.P. Kubicek & Szakács，中华木霉
|南方木霉 |Trichoderma sinoaustrale |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|华康宁木霉 |Trichoderma sinokoningii |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
|中国黄木霉 |Trichoderma sinoluteum |Z.X. Zhu & W.Y. Zhuang
|弯梗木霉 |Trichoderma sinuosum |P. Chaverri & Samuels
||Trichoderma solani |Samuels
|孤独木霉 |Trichoderma solum |K. Chen & W.Y. Zhuang
|森吉木霉 |Trichoderma songyi |M.S. Park, Seung Y. Oh & Y.W. Lim
||Trichoderma sordidum |(Yoshim. Doi) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|疏梗木霉 |Trichoderma sparsum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma speciosum |Z.F. Yu & X. Du
|球孢木霉 |Trichoderma sphaerosporum |W.T. Qin & W.Y. Zhuang
||Trichoderma spinulosum |(Fuckel) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|螺旋木霉 |Trichoderma spirale |Bissett
||Trichoderma stellatum |(B.S. Lu, Druzhin. & Samuels) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
||Trichoderma stercorarium |(Barrasa, A.T. Martínez & G. Moreno) Jaklitsch & Voglmayr
|闪碳团木霉 |Trichoderma stilbohypoxyli |Samuels & Schroers

防治對象

• 甘藍黑腐病
• 番茄青枯病
• 水稻稻熱病
• 紋枯病及白葉枯病
• 蔬菜苗期立枯病
• 白粉病
• 露菌病
• 茄科疫病
• 葉黴病
• 灰黴病
• 枝枯病
• 晚疫病

相關產品
綠木黴R42

• 台灣本土篩選出來，有核可登記的木黴
• 商品名稱：一值生
• 防治對象：蔬菜苗立枯病

參考資料