1948年阿拉伯-以色列戰爭

1948年阿拉伯-以色列戰爭是第一次中东战争的第二阶段和最后阶段，發生於1948年5月15日至1949年3月10日。

背景
自1917年《贝尔福宣言》和1920年巴勒斯坦託管地成立以来，阿拉伯人和犹太人之间，以及阿拉伯人和犹太人与英国军队之间一直瀰漫著紧张氣氛且冲突不斷。英国的政策讓阿拉伯人和犹太人都不满意。阿拉伯人對英國人的不滿造成了1936-1939年巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人起事，而犹太人的不滿则導致1944-1947年巴勒斯坦犹太人起事發生。1947年11月29日，一個计划将巴勒斯坦分为一个阿拉伯人国家和一个犹太人国家的《聯合國大會第181號決議》通过后，各方之間的紧张局勢演變成1947-1948年巴勒斯坦託管地內戰。1947年11月30日，阿拉伯人对两辆载有犹太人的公共汽车發動伏击，此次伏擊是第一次中东战争中首次出現傷亡事故。

戰爭
1948年5月14日午夜，英国对巴勒斯坦的委任统治结束，而在当天早些时候，以色列发表了《以色列独立宣言》。5月15日上午，埃及、外约旦、叙利亚和伊拉克組建的远征军进入巴勒斯坦託管地領土。远征军控制了巴勒斯坦的阿拉伯人地区，并袭击了以色列军队和几个犹太人定居点。1947-1948年巴勒斯坦託管地內戰转變为以色列与阿拉伯国家之间的冲突。此後10个月的战斗主要发生在巴勒斯坦託管地和西奈半岛以及黎巴嫩南部，中间有几个休战期。

結果和影響
战争的结果是，以色列国控制了《聯合國大會第181號決議》劃定的的犹太人国家領土以及《聯合國大會第181號決議》劃定的阿拉伯人国家的近60%的領土，包括雅法、卢德、拉姆拉、加利利以及內蓋夫部分地区、特拉维夫-耶路撒冷公路沿线的一条宽阔地带、西耶路撒冷和約旦河西岸的部分领土。外约旦控制了巴勒斯坦託管地的剩余部分并将其吞并，埃及军队控制了加沙地带。在1948年12月1日的耶利哥會議上，2,000名巴勒斯坦代表呼吁將巴勒斯坦和外约旦統一，以此作为实现阿拉伯全面统一的一步。

1948年阿拉伯-以色列戰爭引发了整个中东地区人口结构的重大变化。大约有70万巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人逃离或被驱逐出巴勒斯坦，這些人成为了巴勒斯坦難民。在战后的三年里，约有70万犹太人移居以色列。在战争期间和战后不久，约有26万犹太人从阿拉伯世界移居以色列。

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