苏瀑 (南达科他州)

|area_code_type =
|area_code =
|blank_name = FIPS代码
|blank_info = 46-59020
|blank1_name = GNIS功能编号
|blank1_info = 1267670
|website =
|footnote =
}}
苏瀑，中国大陆译苏福尔斯（，；拉科塔语：Íŋyaŋ Okábleča Otȟúŋwahe，意为“碎石城”）是美国南达科他州，在全美城市中排名第139位。它是明尼哈哈县的县治，并向南延伸至林肯县，与爱荷华州边界相邻。截至2020年，苏瀑的人口估计为195,850人。苏瀑市区人口占南达科他州总人口的四分之一以上。城市于1856年在河岸注册，位于和交界处的丘陵地带。1876年建鎮，1883年建市。城市得名于附近的瀑布群。

据《》杂志报道，苏瀑是美国最健康的城市，也经常被许多其他组织认为是美国最健康的城市之一。

历史
苏瀑的历史围绕着的瀑布展开。瀑布是在大约一万四千年前的形成的。瀑布的诱惑产生了强大的影响。Ho Chunk、Ioway、Otoe、Missouri、Omaha（和当时的Ponca）、Quapaw、Kansa、Osage、Arikira、Dakota和夏延人先于欧洲人和欧洲人后裔在该地区居住和定居。许多坟冢仍然存在于河流附近的高崖上，分布在附近整片地区。

地理
气候
由于其内陆位置，苏瀑被划分为温带大陆性湿润气候（柯本气候分类法：Dfa），位于4b，意味年均极端最低温在。

冬季寒冷干燥，日最低气温低于或等于的平均日数为17天，以下的有4.4天；夏季炎热潮湿，日最高气温达的日数年均有36天，以上的有3.8天。}}，（1991–2020年正常值，1893年至今极端数据）
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| collapsed = Y
| Jan high F = 27.2
| Feb high F = 32.0
| Mar high F = 45.0
| Apr high F = 59.0
| May high F = 70.8
| Jun high F = 80.9
| Jul high F = 85.3
| Aug high F = 82.8
| Sep high F = 75.6
| Oct high F = 61.1
| Nov high F = 45.0
| Dec high F = 31.6
|year high F = 58.0
| Jan low F = 8.5
| Feb low F = 12.6
| Mar low F = 24.3
| Apr low F = 35.5
| May low F = 47.5
| Jun low F = 58.8
| Jul low F = 63.4
| Aug low F = 61.1
| Sep low F = 51.9
| Oct low F = 38.1
| Nov low F = 24.5
| Dec low F = 13.4
|year low F = 36.6
| Jan avg record high F = 47.4
| Feb avg record high F = 53.1
| Mar avg record high F = 70.4
| Apr avg record high F = 82.2
| May avg record high F = 87.7
| Jun avg record high F = 93.4
| Jul avg record high F = 94.7
| Aug avg record high F = 93.7
| Sep avg record high F = 89.7
| Oct avg record high F = 81.8
| Nov avg record high F = 66.7
| Dec avg record high F = 50.1
|year avg record high F = 96.8
| Jan avg record low F = -16.0
| Feb avg record low F = −10.1
| Mar avg record low F = −0.6
| Apr avg record low F = 18.1
| May avg record low F = 31.1
| Jun avg record low F = 44.4
| Jul avg record low F = 49.4
| Aug avg record low F = 47.4
| Sep avg record low F = 33.7
| Oct avg record low F = 19.8
| Nov avg record low F = 4.4
| Dec avg record low F = −9.3
|year avg record low F = −19.2
| Jan record high F = 66
| Feb record high F = 70
| Mar record high F = 88
| Apr record high F = 98
| May record high F = 104
| Jun record high F = 110
| Jul record high F = 110
| Aug record high F = 109
| Sep record high F = 104
| Oct record high F = 94
| Nov record high F = 82
| Dec record high F = 63

|Jand sun = 6.0
|Febd sun = 6.0
|Mard sun = 7.0
|Aprd sun = 8.0
|Mayd sun = 9.0
|Jund sun = 11.0
|Juld sun = 11.0
|Augd sun = 10.0
|Sepd sun = 8.0
|Octd sun = 7.0
|Novd sun = 5.0
|Decd sun = 4.0
|Jan percentsun = 67
|Feb percentsun = 55
|Mar percentsun = 58
|Apr percentsun = 62
|May percentsun = 60
|Jun percentsun = 73
|Jul percentsun = 73
|Aug percentsun = 71
|Sep percentsun = 67
|Oct percentsun = 64
|Nov percentsun = 50
|Dec percentsun = 44
|Jan uv = 1
|Feb uv = 2
|Mar uv = 4
|Apr uv = 5
|May uv = 7
|Jun uv = 8
|Jul uv = 9
|Aug uv = 8
|Sep uv = 6
|Oct uv = 3
|Nov uv = 2
|Dec uv = 1
| source 1 = NOAA（相对湿度1961–1990），
|source 2= 气象地图集（每日日照时数和紫外线指数）
}}

人口统计
2010年人口普查
截至2010年人口普查，全市共有153888人，61707户，37462个家庭。人口密度为2109.2人/平方英里（814.4人/平方公里）。共有66283个住房单元，平均密度为908.5/平方英里（350.8/平方公里）。该市的种族构成为86.8%的白人、4.2%的黑人、2.7%的美洲原住民、1.8%的亚裔、0.1%的太平洋岛原住民、2.0%的其他种族和2.5%的两个或更多种族。任何种族的拉丁裔美国人占总人口的4.4%。

有61707户家庭，其中31.9%的家庭有18岁以下的子女与他们一起生活，45.5%的家庭是已婚夫妇共同生活，10.9%的家庭有一个没有丈夫同住的女户主，4.4%的家庭有一个没有妻子同住的男户主，39.3%的家庭是非家庭。30.6%的家庭由个人组成，8.7%的家庭有65岁或以上的独居者。平均每户规模为2.40人，平均家庭规模为3.02人。

注释
参考资料
延伸阅读

Olson, Gary D. "Norwegian Immigrants in Early Sioux Falls: A Demographic Profile", Norwegian-American Studies, 36 (2011), pp 45–84.
Olson, Gary D. "A Dakota Boomtown: Sioux Falls, 1877–1880", Great Plains Quarterly (2004) 24#1 pp 17–30
The author is Professor Emeritus of History at Augustana College.
Tingley, Ralph and Tingley, Kathleen. Mission in Sioux Falls: The First Baptist Church, 1875–1975 (1975)
History of Southeastern Dakota: Its Settlement and Growth (1881)

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