在基督教神學中，三元论（Tripartite）认为人是三个不同部分组成的复合体：身体（body）、灵（spirit）和魂（soul）。另一种观点二元论（bipartite）则认为魂和灵只是同一实体（灵魂）的不同表达。
三元论的支持者
以下许多神学家都见于路易·伯克富（Louis Berkhof）的《系统神学》、 史特朗（Augustus H. Strong）的《系统神学》、 简·雅各布·范·奥斯特兹（Jan Jacob van Oosterzee）的《基督教教义》（Christian Dogmatics）、 约翰·比克福德·赫德（John Bickford Heard）的《人的三重性》(Tripartite Nature of Man),和亨利·德·吕巴克（Henri de Lubac）的《历史与精神》。。
参见
- 二元论
- 人论
- Christian psychology
- 一元论
参考
*The Ante-Nicene Fathers. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Reprint. 10 Vols. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994.
Alford, Henry. The New Testament for English Readers*. 2 Vols. London: Rivingtons, 1872.
Augustine. Confessions: Books I-XIII*. Trans. F. J. Sheed. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub., 1993.
Berkhof, Louis. Systematic Theology*. Eerdmans, 1996.
Boardman, George D. "The Scriptural Anthropology." Baptist Quarterly* Vol. 1 (1867): 177–190, 325–340, 428–444.
Delitzsch, Franz. A System of Biblical Psychology*. Trans. Robert E. Wallis. 2nd, English ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1885.
Ellicott, C. J. The Destiny of the Creature*. London: Longmans, Green, 1865.
Good, Roger. "The Parts of Man in Translation." Affirmation and Critique* II.4 (October 1997).
Good, Roger. "The Progressive Revelation of Man." Affirmation and Critique* III.1 (January 1998).
Heard, John Bickford. The Tripartite Nature of Man*. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1868.
Hendry, George S. The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology*. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1956.
Hodge, Charles. Systematic Theology*. Ed. Edward N. Gross. Abridged ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1992.
*"Is Man Tripartite or Bipartite?" Catholic Answers. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2017.
Kelley, John N. D. Early Christian Doctrines*. 5th, revised ed. London: Continuum, 1977.
Lang, G. H. Firstfruits and Harvest: A Study in Resurrection and Rapture*. Miami Springs, FL: Conley & Schoettle Pub., 1985.
Layton, Richard A. Didymus the Blind and His Circle in Late-antique Alexandria*. Urbana: University of Illinois, 2004
Lee, Witness. The Spirit With Our Spirit*. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1994.
Lee, Witness. The Knowledge of Life*. 2nd ed. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1988.
Lubac, Henri De. History and Spirit: The Understanding of Scripture According to Origen*. San Francisco: Ignatius, 2007.
Marais, J. I. "Psychology." International Standard Bible Encyclopedia*. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1939.
McDonough, Mary E. God's Plan of Redemption*. Bournemouth: Overcomer Book Room, 1922.
Nee, Watchman. The Spiritual Man*. New York: Christian Fellowship, 1968.
Oehler, Gust Fr. Theology of the Old Testament*. Trans. George Edward Day. 2nd ed. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1884.
Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Vol. 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600)*. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1971.
Pember, G. H. Earth's Earliest Ages*. London: Pickering & Inglis, 1900.
Pester, John. "The Human Spirit in the Experience of the Triune God." Affirmation and Critique* I.2 (April 1996).
Pink, Arthur W. Gleanings in Genesis*. Paperback ed. Chicago, IL: Moody, 1922.
Scofield, C. I. The New Scofield Reference Bible*. New York: Oxford UP, 1967.
Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church*. Vol 3. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.
Stalker, James. Christian Psychology*. New York and London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1914.
Strong, Augustus H. Systematic Theology*. Valley Forge, PA: Judson, 1907.
Van Oosterzee, Jan Jacob. Christian Dogmatics*. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1874.
Woodward, John B. Man as Spirit, Soul, and Body: A Study of Biblical Psychology*. Pigeon Forge, TN.: Grace Fellowship International, 2007.
外部链接
- [https://www.wholereason.com/2011/02/the-tripartite-makeup-of-man.html The Tripartite Makeup of Man] (wholereason.com)
- [http://www.tripartiteman.org/ Tripartite Man] (tripartiteman.org)
- [http://www.ministrybooks.org/collected-works.cfm The Collected Works of Watchman Nee]
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