岩石依不同的形成方式，可粗略分為三類：火成岩、沉積岩和變質岩。
火成岩 Igneous rocks
- 火山岩 (Volcanic rock)
** 流紋岩 (Rhyolite)
*** 黑曜岩 (Obsidian)
*** 松脂岩 (Pitchstone)
*** 珍珠岩 (Perlite)
** 粗面岩 (Trachyte)
** 響岩 (Phonolite)
** 英安岩 (Dacite)
** 安山岩 (Andesite)
** 粗安岩 (Latite/Trachyandesite)
** 玄武岩 (Basalt)
- 浅成岩 (Hypabyssal rock)
** 斑岩 (Porphyry)
** 霏細岩 (Felsite)
** 細晶岩 (Aplite)
** 偉晶岩 (Pegmatite)
** 玢岩 (Porphyrite)
** 粒玄岩 (Dolerite)
** 煌斑岩 (Lamprophyre)
- 深成岩 (Plutonic rock)
** 花崗岩 (Granite)
** 正長岩 (Syenite)
** 二長岩 (Monzonite)
** 花崗閃長岩 (Granodiorite)
** 閃長岩 (Diorite)
** 輝長岩 (Gabbro)
** 斜長岩 (Anorthosite)
** 橄欖岩 (Peridotite)
** 輝石岩 (Pyroxenite)
** 角閃石岩 (Hornblendite)
** 蛇紋大理岩 (Ophicalcite)
** 碳酸岩 (Carbonatite)
沉積岩 Sedimentary rocks
- 碎屑岩 (Clastic rock)
** 礫岩 (Conglomerate)
** 角礫岩 (Breccia)
** 砂岩／沙岩 (Sandstone)
*** 長石砂岩 (Arkose)
*** 雜砂岩 (Greywacke)
** 泥岩 (Mudstone)
** 頁岩 (Shale)
- 火山碎屑岩 (Pyroclastic rock)
** 集塊岩 (Agglomerate)
** 凝灰岩 (Tuff)
- 生物岩 (Biolite)
** 石灰岩 (Limestone)
*** 白堊岩 (Chalk)
** 燧石 (Chert)
** 矽藻土 (Diatomite)
** 疊層岩 (Stromatolites)
** 煤炭 (Coal)
** 油頁岩 (Oil Shale)
- 化學岩 (Chemical sedimentary rock)
** 石灰岩 (Limestone)
** 白雲岩 (Dolomite)
** 燧石 (Chert)
變質岩 Metamorphic rocks
- 接觸變質岩 (Contact metamorphic rock)
** 角頁岩 (Hornfels)
** 大理岩 (Marble)
** 石英岩 (Quartzite)
** 矽卡岩 (Skarn)
** 雲英岩 (Greisen)
- 區域變質岩 (Regional metamorphic rock)
** 板岩 (Slate)
** 千枚岩 (Phyllite)
** 片岩 (Schist)
** 片麻岩 (Gneiss)
** 混合岩 (Migmatite)
** 角閃岩 (Amphibolite)
** 麻粒岩／粒變岩 (Granulite)
** 榴輝岩 (Eclogite)
** 蛇紋岩 (Serpentinite)
- 動力變質岩 (Dynamic metamorphic rock)
** 糜稜岩 (Mylonite)
參考文獻
- 都城秋穂・久城育夫 『岩石学II - 岩石の性質と分類』 共立出版〈共立全書〉、1975年、ISBN 4-320-00205-9。
參見
- 岩石學
- 礦物列表
- 熔岩
- 浮石／火山渣
- 隕石
外部链接
- [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/bgsrcs/details.html British Geological Survey rock classification scheme]
- [http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/IgnRx/Ighome.html Igneous rock classification]
- [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/505970/rock Rock Types Article by Encyclopaedia Britannica]
- [http://www.seafriends.org.nz/enviro/soil/rocktbl.htm Classification of common rocks and soils]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20051214134842/http://geology.csupomona.edu/alert/metamorphic/metaclass.htm Metamorphic Rock Classification]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20091214164707/http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/volcanic_rocks.html Volcanic rocks]
- [http://www.earthscienceeducation.com/virtual_rock_kit/index.htm Earth Science Education Unit virtual rock kit]
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