差頻(英文:或)一詞源於聲學上两个频率相近但不同的声波的干涉,所得到的干涉信号的频率是原先两个声波的频率之差的絕對值,因此叫做差频。這個概念也用到了光学和电子学中,指兩個頻率不同的信号進行合波后得到频率为两者之差的新信號。
以兩擁有相同振幅、無相位差,但頻率略有差異之正弦波為例
:y_\mathrm{1} = R \sin(k_\mathrm{1} x - \omega_\mathrm{1} t)
:y_\mathrm{2} = R \sin(k_\mathrm{2} x - \omega_\mathrm{2} t)
且因為頻率只是略有差異,在此假設
:k_\mathrm{1}\doteqdot k_\mathrm{2}\doteqdot k
:\omega_\mathrm{1} \doteqdot \omega_\mathrm{2}\doteqdot \omega
令
:y = y_\mathrm{1} + y_\mathrm{2}
:y = 2R \sin(\frac{k_\mathrm{1} + k_\mathrm{2}}{2} x - \frac{\omega_\mathrm{1} + \omega_\mathrm{2}}{2} t) \cos(\frac{k_\mathrm{1} - k_\mathrm{2}}{2} x - \frac{\omega_\mathrm{1} - \omega_\mathrm{2}}{2} t)
在此又令:
:k' = \frac{k_\mathrm{1} - k_\mathrm{2}}{2} = \frac{\Delta k}{2}
:\omega' = \frac{\omega_\mathrm{1} - \omega_\mathrm{2}}{2} = \frac{\Delta \omega}{2}
故y可以改寫成
:y = 2R \sin(k x - \omega t) \cos(k' x - \omega' t)
註釋
延伸閱讀
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外部連結
- [http://mathlets.org/mathlets/beats/ Java applet] , MIT
- [http://www.acs.psu.edu/drussell/Demos/superposition/superposition.html Acoustics and Vibration Animations] , D.A. Russell, Pennsylvania State University
- [http://phy.hk/wiki/englishhtm/Beats.htm A Java applet showing the formation of beats due to the interference of two waves of slightly different frequencies]
- [http://gerdbreitenbach.de/lissajous/lissajous.html Lissajous Curves: Interactive simulation of graphical representations of musical intervals, beats, interference, vibrating strings]
- [https://feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/I_48.html The Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol. I Ch. 48: Beats]
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