锇(76Os)有七种天然存在的同位素,其中五种稳定,分别是187Os、188Os、189Os、190Os和最常见的192Os。另外两种同位素184Os和186Os虽然有放射性,但它们极长的半衰期(分别为1.12×1013年和2×1015年)使它们在实际用途中可以看作是稳定同位素。作为187Re(半衰期4.56×1010年)衰变产物的187Os可在铼锇测年法中测量陨石的年龄。
除了七种天然存在的同位素以外,锇还有30种人造同位素,其中最长寿的是半衰期六年的194Os。锇还有九种同核异构体,其中191mOs最稳定,半衰期13.10小时。锇所有的同位素理论上都有放射性,但仍未被观测到。
圖表
|-id=Osmium-160
| 160Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 84
|
|
| α
| 156W
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-160m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 160mOs
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 108
| 183.95249292(89)
| 1.12(23)×1013 y
| α
|180W
| 0+
| 2(2)×10−4
|
|-id=Osmium-185
| 185Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 109
| 184.95404597(89)
| 92.95(9) d
| EC
| 185Re
| 1/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-185m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 185m1Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 102.37(11) keV
| 3.0(4) μs
| IT
| 185Os
| 7/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-185m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 185m2Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 275.53(12) keV
| 0.78(5) μs
| IT
| 185Os
| 11/2+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-186
| 186Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 111
| 186.95574957(79)
| colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定
| 1/2−
| 0.0196(17)
|
|-id=Osmium-187m1
| style="text-indent:1em" | 187m1Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100.45(4) keV
| 112(6) ns
| IT
| 187Os
| 7/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-187m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 187m2Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 257.10(7) keV
| 231(2) μs
| IT
| 187Os
| 11/2+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-188
| 188Os
| 0+
| 0.1324(27)
|
|-id=Osmium-189
| 189Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 113
| 188.95814595(72)
| colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定
| 3/2−
| 0.1615(23)
|
|-id=Osmium-189m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 189mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 30.82(2) keV
| 5.81(10) h
| IT
| 189Os
| 9/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-190
| 190Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 114
| 189.95844544(70)
| colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定
| 0+
| 0.2626(20)
|
|-id=Osmium-190m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 190mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1705.7(1) keV
| 9.86(3) min
| IT
| 190Os
| 10−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-191
| 191Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 115
| 190.96092811(71)
| 14.99(2) d
| β−
| 191Ir
| 9/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-191m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 191mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 74.382(3) keV
| 13.10(5) h
| IT
| 191Os
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-192
| 192Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 116
| 191.9614788(25)
| colspan=3 align=center|观测上稳定
| 0+
| 0.4078(32)
|
|-id=Osmium-192m1
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 192m1Os
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2015.40(11) keV
| rowspan=2|5.94(9) s
| IT
| 192Os
| rowspan=2|10−
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−?
| 192Ir
|-id=Osmium-192m2
| style="text-indent:1em" | 192m2Os
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4580.3(10) keV
| 205(7) ns
| IT
| 192Os
| (20+)
|
|
|-id=Osmium-193
| 193Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 117
| 192.9641496(25)
| 29.830(18) h
| β−
| 193Ir
| 3/2−
|
|
|-id=Osmium-193m
| style="text-indent:1em" | 193mOs
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 315.6(3) keV
| 121(28) ns
| IT
| 193Os
| (9/2−)
|
|
|-id=Osmium-194
| 194Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 118
| 193.9651794(26)
| 6.0(2) y
| β−
| 194Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-195
| 195Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 119
| 194.968318(60)
| 6.5(11) min
| β−
| 195Ir
| (3/2−)
|
|
|-id=Osmium-195m
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 195mOs
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 427.8(3) keV
| rowspan=2|47(3) s
| IT
| 195Os
| rowspan=2|(13/2+)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−?
| 195Ir
|-id=Osmium-196
| 196Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 120
| 195.969643(43)
| 34.9(2) min
| β−
| 196Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-197
| 197Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 121
| 196.97308(22)#
| 93(7) s
| β−
| 197Ir
| 5/2−#
|
|
|-id=Osmium-198
| 198Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 122
| 197.97466(22)#
| 125(28) s
| β−
| 198Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-199
| 199Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 123
| 198.97824(22)#
| 6(3) s
| β−
| 199Ir
| 5/2−#
|
|
|-id=Osmium-200
| 200Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 124
| 199.98009(32)#
| 7(4) s
| β−
| 200Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-201
| 201Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 125
| 200.98407(32)#
| 3# s [>300ns]
| β−?
| 201Ir
| 1/2−#
|
|
|-id=Osmium-202
| 202Os
| style="text-align:right" | 76
| style="text-align:right" | 126
| 201.98655(43)#
| 2# s [>300ns]
| β−?
| 202Ir
| 0+
|
|
|-id=Osmium-203
| rowspan=2|203Os
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 127
| rowspan=2|202.99220(43)#
| rowspan=2|300# ms [>300ns]
| β−?
| 203Ir
| rowspan=2|9/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− n?
| 202Ir
|}
参考文獻
- Isotope masses from [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923134436/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/index.html Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation] by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7506/7506x0683.html Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)] . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and [http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html Atomic Weights Revised (2005)] .
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
** Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. [http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties] , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
** National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ NuDat 2.1 database] (retrieved Sept. 2005).
* David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition*, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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