鋯的同位素

鋯（原子量：91.224(2)）有从77Zr至114Zr共38個同位素，其中有5個同位素存在于自然界，包括穩定的90Zr、91Zr、92Zr、94Zr以及半衰期极长的放射性同位素96Zr。它会通过双β衰变衰变成96Mo，半衰期2.34年，亦可通过单β衰变衰变成96Nb，部分半衰期[2.27（随机误差）± 0.27（系统误差）]年。锆第二稳定的放射性同位素是半衰期161万年的93Zr，其它半衰期超过一天的同位素包括88Zr（83.4天）、95Zr（64.032天）、89Zr（78.36小时）。锆最稳定的同核异构体是89mZr，半衰期4.16分钟。

比90Zr轻的放射性同位素通常会通过正电子发射衰变为钇的同位素，而更重的放射性同位素则主要通过β衰变衰变成铌的同位素。

圖表
|-
| 77Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 37
| 76.96608(43)#
| 100# μs
|
|
| 3/2−#
|
|
|-
| 78Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 38
| 77.95615(43)#
| 50# ms
[>200 ns]
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|79Zr
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 39
| rowspan=2|78.94916(43)#
| rowspan=2|56(30) ms
| ,
| 78Sr
| rowspan=2|5/2+#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
|
| 79Y
|-
| 80Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| 79.9404(16)
| 4.6(6) s
|
| 80Y
| 0+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|81Zr
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 41
| rowspan=2|80.93721(18)
| rowspan=2|5.5(4) s
| (>99.9%)
| 81Y
| rowspan=2|(3/2-)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| , (80Sr
|-
| 82Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 42
| 81.93109(24)#
| 32(5) s
|
| 82Y
| 0+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|83Zr
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 40
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 43
| rowspan=2|82.92865(10)
| rowspan=2|41.6(24) s
| (>99.9%)
| 83Y
| rowspan=2|(1/2-)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| , (82Sr
|-
| 84Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 44
| 83.92325(21)#
| 25.9(7) min
|
| 84Y
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 85Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 45
| 84.92147(11)
| 7.86(4) min
|
| 85Y
| 7/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 85mZr
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 292.2(3) keV
| rowspan=2|10.9(3) s
| IT (92%)
| 85Zr
| rowspan=2|(1/2-)
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| (8%)
| 85Y
|-
| 86Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 46
| 85.91647(3)
| 16.5(1) h
|
| 86Y
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 87Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 47
| 86.914816(9)
| 1.68(1) h
|
| 87Y
| (9/2)+
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 87mZr
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 335.84(19) keV
| 14.0(2) s
| IT
| 87Zr
| (1/2)-
|
|
|-
| 88Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 48
| 87.910227(11)
| 83.4(3) d
|
| 88Y
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 89Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 49
| 88.908890(4)
| 78.41(12) h
|
| 89Y
| 9/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 89mZr
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 587.82(10) keV
| rowspan=2|4.161(17) min
| IT (93.77%)
| 89Zr
| rowspan=2|1/2-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| (6.23%)
| 89Y
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 50
| 89.9047044(25)
| colspan=3 align=center|**'
| 0+
| 0.5145(40)
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 90m1Zr
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2319.000(10) keV
| 809.2(20) ms
| IT
| 90Zr
| 5-
|
|
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 90m2Zr
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 3589.419(16) keV
| 131(4) ns
|
|
| 8+
|
|
|-
| 91Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 53
| 92.9064760(25)
| 1.53(10)×106 y
|
| 93Nb
| 5/2+
|
|
|-
| 94Zr
| 0+
| 0.1738(28)
|
|-
| 95Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 71
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 112Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 73
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 114Zr
| style="text-align:right" | 40
| style="text-align:right" | 74
|
|
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|}

参考文獻

Isotope masses from [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923134436/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/index.html Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation] by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from [http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2003/7506/7506x0683.html Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)] . Pure Appl. Chem. Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 683-800, (2003) and [http://www.iupac.org/news/archives/2005/atomic-weights_revised05.html Atomic Weights Revised (2005)] .
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.

** Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. [http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties] , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
** National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ NuDat 2.1 database] (retrieved Sept. 2005).
* David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition*, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.

评论 (0)