鋁（原子量：26.9815384(3)）共有23個已知同位素，質量數介於21-43之間，其中只有1個是穩定的，其他都具有放射性，因此鋁屬於單一同位素元素。天然存在的鋁同位素有2個，分別是穩定的27Al和具放射性的26Al，其中27Al占天然鋁的絕大部分，而26Al在自然界中僅痕量存在，為宇宙射線散裂所產生。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中，只有在實驗室製造出來過，且半衰期都很短，非常不穩定。
圖表
|-
| 21Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| 21.02908(64)#
|
|
| 20Mg
|
|
|-
| rowspan=3|22Al
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 13
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 9
| rowspan=3|22.01952(10)#
| rowspan=3|59(3) ms
| β+ (96.7%)
| 22Mg
| rowspan=3|(3)+
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β+, 2p (2.5%)
| 20Ne
|-
| β+, p (0.8%)
| 21Na
|-
| rowspan=2|23Al
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 13
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 10
| rowspan=2|23.007267(20)
| rowspan=2|470(30) ms
| β+ (92%)
| 23Mg
| rowspan=2|5/2+#
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (8%)
| 22Na
|-
| rowspan=3|24Al
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 13
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=3|23.9999389(30)
| rowspan=3|2.053(4) s
| β+ (99.95%)
| 24Mg
| rowspan=3|4+
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β+, α (.0349%)
| 20Ne
|-
| β+, p (.0159%)
| 23Na
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 24mAl
| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 425.8(1) keV
| rowspan=3|131.3(25) ms
| IT (82%)
| 24Al
| rowspan=3|1+
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β+ (18%)
| 24Mg
|-
| β+, α
| 20Ne
|-
| 25Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| 24.9904281(5)
| 7.183(12) s
| β+
| 25Mg
| 5/2+
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| 25.98689169(6)
| 7.17(24)×105 years
| β+
| 26Mg
| 5+
| 痕量
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 26mAl
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 228.305(13) keV
| 6.3452(19) s
| β+
| 26Mg
| 0+
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| 26.98153863(12)
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"|**'
| 5/2+
| 1.0000
|-
| 28Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 15
| 27.98191031(14)
| 2.2414(12) min
| β−
| 28Si
| 3+
|
|-
| 29Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 16
| 28.9804450(13)
| 6.56(6) min
| β−
| 29Si
| 5/2+
|
|-
| 30Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 17
| 29.982960(15)
| 3.60(6) s
| β−
| 30Si
| 3+
|
|-
| rowspan=2|31Al
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 13
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 18
| rowspan=2|30.983947(22)
| rowspan=2|644(25) ms
| β− (98.4%)
| 31Si
| rowspan=2|(3/2,5/2)+
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (1.6%)
| 30Si
|-
| rowspan=2|32Al
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 13
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2|31.98812(9)
| rowspan=2|31.7(8) ms
| β− (99.3%)
| 32Si
| rowspan=2|1+
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (.7%)
| 31Si
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" | 32mAl
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 955.7(4) keV
| 200(20) ns
|
|
| (4+)
|
|-
| rowspan=2|33Al
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 13
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 20
| rowspan=2|32.99084(8)
| rowspan=2|41.7(2) ms
| β− (91.5%)
| 33Si
| rowspan=2|(5/2+)#
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (8.5%)
| 32Si
|-
| rowspan=2|34Al
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 13
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 21
| rowspan=2|33.99685(12)
| rowspan=2|56.3(5) ms
| β− (87.5%)
| 34Si
| rowspan=2|4−#
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (12.5%)
| 33Si
|-
| rowspan=2|35Al
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 13
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 22
| rowspan=2|34.99986(19)
| rowspan=2|38.6(4) ms
| β− (74%)
| 35Si
| rowspan=2|5/2+#
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (26%)
| 34Si
|-
| rowspan=2|36Al
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 13
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23
| rowspan=2|36.00621(23)
| rowspan=2|90(40) ms
| β− (69%)
| 36Si
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (31%)
| 35Si
|-
| 37Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 24
| 37.01068(36)
| 10.7(13) ms
| β−
| 37Si
| 3/2+
|
|-
| 38Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 25
| 38.01723(78)
| 7.6(6) ms
| β−
| 38Si
|
|
|-
| 39Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 26
| 39.02297(158)
| 7.6(16) ms
| β−
| 39Si
| 3/2+#
|
|-
| 40Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 27
| 40.02962(43)#
| 10# ms [>260 ns]
| β−
| 40Si
|
|
|-
| 41Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| 41.03588(54)#
| 2# ms [>260 ns]
| β−
| 41Si
| 5/2+#
|
|-
| 42Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 29
| 42.04305(64)#
| 1# ms [>170 ns]
| β−
| 42Si
|
|
|-
| 43Al
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | 30
| 43.05048(86)#
| 1# ms [>170 ns]
| β−
| 43Si
|
|
|}
參考文獻
Isotope masses from [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923134436/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/index.html Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation] by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics* A729 (2003).
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. [http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties] , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ NuDat 2.1 database] (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
评论 (0)