鎂共有22個已知同位素，質量數介於19-40之間，其中有3個是穩定的，其他都具有放射性。天然存在的鎂同位素有3個，分別是24Mg、25Mg、26Mg，皆為穩定同位素。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中，只有在實驗室製造出來過，且半衰期都很短，非常不穩定，其中最長壽的是28Mg，半衰期為20.915小時。
圖表
|-
| 18Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 6
|
|
| 2p
| 16Ne
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 19Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| 19.03417(5)
| 5(3) ps
| 2p
| 17Ne
| 1/2−#
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|20Mg
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 8
| rowspan=2|20.018863(29)
| rowspan=2|90.8(24) ms
| (97%)
| 20Na
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, p (3%)
| 19Ne
|-
| rowspan=3|21Mg
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right;" | 12
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right;" | 9
| rowspan=3|21.011713(18)
| rowspan=3|122(2) ms
| β+ (66.9%)
| 21Na
| rowspan=3|(5/2,3/2)+
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β+, p (32.6%)
| 20Ne
|-
| β+, α (0.5%)
| 17F
|-
| 22Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| 21.9995738(14)
| 3.8755(12) s
| β+
| 22Na
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 23Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| 22.9941237(14)
| 11.317(11) s
| β+
| 23Na
| 3/2+
|
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| 23.985041700(14)
| colspan=3 align=center|**'
| 0+
| 0.78965(49)
| [0.7888, 0.7905]
|-
| 25Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| 24.98583692(3)
| colspan=3 align=center|穩定
| 5/2+
| 0.10011(13)
| [0.09988, 0.10034]
|-
| 26Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| 25.982592929(30)
| colspan=3 align=center|穩定
| 0+
| 0.11025(38)
| [0.1096, 0.1109]
|-
| 27Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 15
| 26.98434059(5)
| 9.458(12) min
| β−
| 27Al
| 1/2+
|
|
|-
| 28Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 16
| 27.9838768(22)
| 20.915(9) h
| β−
| 28Al
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 29Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 17
| 28.988600(15)
| 1.30(12) s
| β−
| 29Al
| 3/2+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|30Mg
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 18
| rowspan=2|29.990434(9)
| rowspan=2|335(17) ms
| β− (99.94%)
| 30Al
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (.06%)
| 29Al
|-
| rowspan=2|31Mg
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=2|30.996546(13)
| rowspan=2|230(20) ms
| β− (98.3%)
| 31Al
| rowspan=2|3/2+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (1.7%)
| 30Al
|-
| rowspan=2|32Mg
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 20
| rowspan=2|31.998975(19)
| rowspan=2|86(5) ms
| β− (97.6%)
| 32Al
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (2.4%)
| 31Al
|-
| rowspan=2|33Mg
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 21
| rowspan=2|33.005254(21)
| rowspan=2|90.5(16) ms
| β− (83%)
| 33Al
| rowspan=2|7/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (17%)
| 32Al
|-
| rowspan=2|34Mg
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 22
| rowspan=2|34.00946(25)
| rowspan=2|20(10) ms
| β− (>99.9%)
| 34Al
| rowspan=2|0+
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (33Al
|-
| rowspan=2|35Mg
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23
| rowspan=2|35.01734(43)#
| rowspan=2|70(40) ms
| β−, n (52%)
| 34Al
| rowspan=2|(7/2−)#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (48%)
| 35Al
|-
| 36Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 24
| 36.02300(54)#
| 3.9(13) ms
| β−
| 36Al
| 0+
|
|
|-
| rowspan=2|37Mg
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 25
| rowspan=2|37.03140(97)#
| rowspan=2|40# ms [>260 ns]
| β−
| 37Al
| rowspan=2|7/2−#
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n
| 36Al
|-
| 38Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 26
| 38.03757(54)#
| 1# ms [>260 ns]
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|-
| 39Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 27
| 39.04677(55)#
| 40Mg
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" | 28
| 40.05393(97)#
| 1# ms
|
|
| 0+
|
|
|}
參考文獻
- Isotope masses from [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923134436/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/index.html Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation] by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
** Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. [http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties] , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
** National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ NuDat 2.1 database] (retrieved Sept. 2005).
* David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition*, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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