鈉（原子量：22.98976928(2)）共有22個已知同位素，質量數介於18-37之間，其中只有1個是穩定的，其他都具有放射性，因此鈉屬於單一同位素元素。天然存在的鈉同位素有3個，分別是穩定的23Na和具放射性的22Na及24Na，其中23Na占天然鈉的絕大部分，而22Na和24Na在自然界中僅痕量存在，為宇宙射線散裂所產生。其他放射性同位素都不出現在自然界中，只有在實驗室製造出來過，且半衰期都極短，非常不穩定。
圖表
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 7
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|
| p (>99.9%)
| 17Ne
| rowspan=2|(1−)#
| rowspan=2|
|-
| (18Ne
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | 8
|
| 18Ne
| (5/2+)#
|
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 9
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|447.9(23) ms
| β+ (75%)
| 20Ne
| rowspan=2|2+
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β+, α (25%)
| 16O
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | 10
|
| 22.49(4) s
| β+
| 21Ne
| 3/2+
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | 11
|
| 2.6027(10) y
| β+
| 22Ne
| 3+
| 痕量
|-
| style="text-indent:1em" |
| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 583.03(9) keV
| 244(6) ns
|
|
| 1+
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | 12
|
| colspan=3 align=center|**'
| 3/2+
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | 13
|
|
| β−
| 24Mg
| 4+
| 痕量
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" |
| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 472.207(9) keV
| rowspan=2|20.20(7) ms
| IT (99.95%)
| 24Na
| rowspan=2|1+
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β− (.05%)
| 24Mg
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | 14
|
| 59.1(6) s
| β−
| 25Mg
| 5/2+
|
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | 15
|
| 1.077(5) s
| β−
| 26Mg
| 3+
|
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 16
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| 301(6) ms
| β− (99.87%)
| 27Mg
| rowspan=2|5/2+
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (.13%)
| 26Mg
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 17
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|30.5(4) ms
| β− (99.421%)
| 28Mg
| rowspan=2|1+
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (.579%)
| 27Mg
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 18
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|44.9(12) ms
| β− (74.09%)
| 29Mg
| rowspan=2|3/2(+#)
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (25.91%)
| 28Mg
|-
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 19
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4|48.4(17) ms
| β− (68.83%)
| 30Mg
| rowspan=4|2+
| rowspan=4|
|-
| β−, n (30.0%)
| 29Mg
|-
| β−, 2n (1.17%)
| 28Mg
|-
| β−, α
| 26Ne
|-
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:right" | 20
| rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4|17.0(4) ms
| β− (62.05%)
| 31Mg
| rowspan=4|(3/2+)
| rowspan=4|
|-
| β−, n
| 30Mg
|-
| β−, 2n
| 29Mg
|-
| β−, 3n
| 28Mg
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 21
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|12.9(7) ms
| β−
| 32Mg
| rowspan=3|(3−,4−)
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β−, n
| 31Mg
|-
| β−, 2n
| 30Mg
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 22
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3|8.2(2) ms
| β−, n (52.0%)
| 32Mg
| rowspan=3|3/2+#
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β− (36.0%)
| 33Mg
|-
| β−, 2n (12.0%)
| 31Mg
|-
| rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 23
| rowspan=3|#
| rowspan=3|5.5(10) ms
| β−, 2n (50.0%)
| 32Mg
| rowspan=3|1+
| rowspan=3|
|-
| β− (35.0%)
| 34Mg
|-
| β−, n (15.0%)
| 33Mg
|-
| rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 24
| rowspan=2|#
| rowspan=2|1.5(5) ms
| β− (>99.9%)
| 35Mg
| rowspan=2|3/2+#
| rowspan=2|
|-
| β−, n (34Mg
|-
|
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" | 26
| 37.05934(103)#
| 1# ms [>1.5 µs]
|
|
| 3/2+#
|
|}
參考文獻
- Isotope masses from [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923134436/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/index.html Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation] by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
** Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. [http://amdc.in2p3.fr/web/nubase_en.html The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties] , Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
** National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the [http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/ NuDat 2.1 database] (retrieved Sept. 2005).
* David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition*, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.
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