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默里·谢弗

Wikipedia · 2026-06-20 维基百科 👁 1 阅读

雷蒙德·默里·谢弗（，），是一名加拿大作曲家、作家、音乐教育家和环境论者。他最广为人知的行动是“世界音景计划”（World Soundscape Project），最著名的出版物是《世界的调音》（The Tuning of the World），又名《音景》（The Soundscape）。他是第一位朱尔斯-圣莱杰奖（Jules Léger Prize）的受领人，也曾获得加拿大勋章（Order of Canada）。

学术
谢弗出生于加拿大安大略省的萨尼亚市。他曾于英国皇家音乐学院、多伦多皇家音乐学院、多伦多大学学习。在多伦多大学期间，他曾是理查德·约翰斯顿的弟子。

他的音乐教育理论在全世界都受到推广。在1960年代他在西门菲莎大学开始了音景理论的研究。

为了解释音景的概念，谢弗在1969年提出了“声音分裂”（）这一词，意味“声音从它的来源和环境分离”，他解释道：“我们总是将声音从它的制造者身上分离出来。原本存在于自然宿主中的声音被扯离，被赋予响度的放大然后变成独立的存在。举例来说，人唱歌或说话的声音已经不全是直接从嘴里发出的了，它可能来自世界上的任何一个角落。”

谢弗也是图像记谱法的实践者之一。

荣誉
1987年，谢弗被授予了第一届格连-古尔德奖（Glenn Gould Prize）作为对他的贡献的肯定。谢弗还两次荣获朱诺奖的年度最佳古典乐作曲，在2004年和2011年，获奖作品分别是《String Quartet No.8》和《Duo for Violin and Piano》。

2005年，加拿大艺术协会授予谢弗沃尔特-卡森奖，这是加拿大艺术家最高荣誉之一。 2009年，谢弗还荣获加拿大表演艺术界最高荣誉之加拿大总督表演艺术奖。 2013年，基于他在“当代音乐领域的国际声誉和在声音生态学领域的开创性贡献”，他被授予双重荣誉的加拿大勋章。

表演艺术作品
戏剧

  • Job (Schafer et al., after the Biblical book of Job). 2011 (Kingston, Ont 2011). Chor (SATB), actors, et cetra. (Premieres 14, 15 May at 8:00 pm EST at , Kingston, Ontario.)
  • Jonah (Schafer et al., after the Biblical book of Jonah). 1979 (Maynooth, Ont 1979). Chor (SATB), actors, fl, clarinet, organ, percussion. Arcana 1980
  • **' (1966—)

Patria: The Prologue, '
* Patria 1: Wolfman*
* Patria 2: Requiems for the Party Girl*
* Patria 3: The Greatest Show*
** Adapted into the film Carnival of Shadows*
* Patria 4: The Black Theatre of Hermes Trismegistos*
* Patria 5: The Crown of Ariadne*
* Patria 6: Ra*
Patria 7: '
* Patria 8: The Palace of the Cinnabar Phoenix*
* Patria 9: The Enchanted Forest*
* Patria 10: The Spirit Garden*
* Patria: The Epilogue: And Wolf Shall Inherit the Moon*

  • Job (Schafer et al., after the Biblical book of Job). 2011 (Kingston, Ont 2011). Chor (SATB), actors, et cetra. (Premieres 14, 15 May at 8:00 pm EST at , Kingston, Ontario.)
  • Jonah (Schafer et al., after the Biblical book of Jonah). 1979 (Maynooth, Ont 1979). Chor (SATB), actors, fl, clarinet, organ, percussion. Arcana 1980
  • **' (1966—)
  • String Quartet No. 12. 2012
  • String Quartet No. 13. 2015

合唱

  • Four Songs on Texts of Tagore. 1962. Sop, mezzo, alto, SA. Ms
  • Gita (Bhagavad Gita), from Patria 1. 1967. SATB, brass, tape. UE 1977
  • Epitaph for Moonlight (invented words by Grade 7 students), from Patria 5. 1968. SATB, bells (optional). BMIC 1969, UE 1971. CBC SM-274/5-ACM 3 (Festival Singers)/Mel SMLP-4017 (Lawrence Park Collegiate Choir, J. Barron conductor)/Grouse GR-101-C (cass) (Vancouver Chamber Choir)/P3-C (cass) (Powell River Academy Singers, Don James dir)/World WRC-257 (University of Alberta Concert Choir, Larry Cook conductor)
  • From the Tibetan Book of the Dead (Bardo Thödol) from Patria 2. 1968. Sop, SATB, alto fl, clarinet, tape. UE 1973
  • Two Anthems (formerly Yeow and Pax ) (Isaiah). 1969. SATB, organ, tape. Ber 1980
  • In Search of Zoroaster (). 1971. Male voice, SATB (at least 150 voices), percussion, organ (tape). Ber 1976
  • Miniwanka or the Moments of Water (North American Indian dialects). 1971. SA (SATB). UE 1973. RCI 434 (Vancouver Bach Choir)/Grouse GR-101-C (cass) (Vancouver Chamber Choir)/ARU 8701-CD (F.A.C.E. Senior Treble Choir, Iwan Edwards, dir)/Centrediscs CMC-2285 (Toronto Children's Chor)/Imperial unnumbered (Powell River Boys' Choir, James dir)
  • Psalm (formerly Tehillah), from Apocalypsis (Psalm 148). 1972, rev 1976. Mixed chorus, percussion. Ber 1976. RCI 434 (Vancouver Bach Choir)
  • Credo (Giordano Bruno, adpt by Schafer), from Apocalypsis. 1977. 12 choirs, tape, optional string and/or synthesizer. Arcana 1986
  • Felix's Girls (Henry Felix) from Patria 3. 1979. SATB quartet or choir. Arcana 1980. Grouse GR-101-C (cass) (Vancouver Chamber Choir)
  • Gamelan (Balinese solmization syllables), from Patria 3. 1979. Quar or choir (SATB, SASA, TBTB). Arcana 1980. Grouse GR-100/Marquis MAR-106/Grouse 101-C (cass) (Vancouver Chamber Choir)
  • Sun (words for sun in 36 languages) from Princess of the Stars (Patria prologue). 1982. SATB. Arcana 1983. 2-Centrediscs CMC-14-1584/RCI 585 (Elmer Iseler Singers)/Grouse GR-101-C (cass) (Vancouver Chamber Choir)
  • A Garden of Bells (Schafer et al.). 1983. SATB. Arcana 1984. Grouse GR-101-C (cass) (Vancouver Chamber Choir)
  • Snowforms (Inuit words for 'snow'). 1981, rev 1983. SA. Arcana 1986. Grouse GR-101-C (cass) (Vancouver Chamber Choir)
  • The Star Princess and the Waterlilies (Schafer), from And Wolf Shall Inherit the Moon (Patria conclusion). 1984. Narr, children's chorus, light percussion. Arcana 1984. TCC TCC-D-004 (Toronto Children's Chor)
  • Fire (Schafer) from Patria 5. 1986. SATB, light percussion. Arcana 1986. Grouse GR-101-C (cass) (Vancouver Chamb Choir)
  • Magic Songs (Schafer). 1988. SATB (TTBB). Arcana 1988
  • The Death of the Buddha (Mahaperinibbana Sutta). 1989. Mixed chorus, gongs, bell tree. Arcana 1989
  • Vox Naturae, from De Rerum Natura. 1997
  • Apocalypsis, revised version 2015, Toronto Luminato Festival, June. Multiple choirs, dancers, actors, throat singer

人声

  • Three Contemporaries (Schafer). 1956. Mezzo, piano. Ber 1974
  • Kinderlieder (traditional, Brecht). 1958. Sop, piano. Ber 1975. CBC SM-141 (Mailing mezzo)
  • La Testa d'Adriane (Schafer), from Patria 3. 1977. Sop, accordion. Arcana 1980/in R. Murray Schafer: A Collection. Mel SMLP-4034 (Morrison soprano)
  • Sun Father Sky Mother (Schafer) from And Wolf Shall Inherit the Moon (Patria conclusion). 1985. Solo voice in a mountain setting, near water and forest. Musical Canada
  • Tantrika (Sanskrit words from Tantric texts), from Patria 3. 1986. Mezzo, 4 percussion. 1986
  • Gitanjali (Rabindranath Tagore). 1991. Soprano, orch

其他

  • Kaleidoscope. 1967. Multi-track tape
  • Okeanos (Hesiod, Homer, Melville, Pound, et al.). 1971. 4-track tape (composed with Bruce Davis, text compiled with Brian Fawcett)
  • Dream Passage (Schafer). 1969 (CBC radio 1969). Radio version of Patria 2: Requiems for the Party Girl. Mezzo, chamber ensemble, tape
  • Hear Me Out (Schafer) from Patria 3. 1979. 4 speaking voices. Arcana 1980
  • One movement for Ontario Variations. 1979. Pf, variations by Ontario composers, on a theme by Jack Behrens
  • Harbour Symphony. 1983. Fog horns. Ms. Portion of score printed in Musicworks 25, Summer 1983
  • Also a work for piano solo, Polytonality (1954,. Ber 1974), and several works in all categories, now withdrawn by the composer
  • Wolf Music (2003)

理论著作

  • Ezra Pound and Music (1961)
  • The Composer in the Classroom (1965)
  • Ear cleaning: Notes for an experimental music course (1967) – included in The Thinking Ear
  • The New Soundscape (1968)
  • The Book of Noise (1970)
  • When Words Sing (1970)
  • The Rhinoceros in the Classroom (1975)
  • E.T.A. Hoffmann and Music (1975)
  • Creative Music Education: A Handbook for the Modern Music Teacher (1976)
  • Smoke : A Novel (1976) – reprinted as Ariadne (1985)
  • The Tuning of the World (The Soundscape) (1977) , republished as The Soundscape (1994)
  • Five Village Soundscapes (1977) – editor
  • Music in the Cold (1977)
  • The Chaldean Inscription (1978)
  • R. Murray Schafer: A Collection (1979)
  • The Sixteen Scribes (1981)
  • On Canadian Music (1984)
  • Dicamus et Labyrinthos: A Philologist's Notebook (1984)
  • The Thinking Ear: On Music Education (1986)
  • Patria and the Theatre of Confluence (1991)
  • A Sound Education: 100 Exercises in Listening and Soundmaking (1992)
  • Voices of Tyranny: Temples of Silence: Studies and Reflections on the Contemporary Soundscape (1993)
  • Wolf Tracks (1997)
  • Patria: The Complete Cycle (2002)
  • Shadowgraphs and Legends (2004)
  • The Enchanted Forest (2005) book & CD
  • HearSing (2005)
  • A Little Sound Education (2009, 与今田匡彦合著，春秋社，东京)

另见

  • 音景

*声音生态学

  • 声音文化
  • 声音地图
  • 图像记谱

参考文献
延伸阅读

  • Eatock, Colin. "R. Murray Schafer at 75: an appreciation," in Queen's Quarterly. Kingston, Ontario: Queen's University Press, Spring 2009, pp. 98–115.
  • Steenhuisen, Paul. "Interview with R. Murray Schafer". In [https://web.archive.org/web/20141015151345/http://www.uap.ualberta.ca/UAP.asp?LID=41&bookID=687 Sonic Mosaics: Conversations with Composers]. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-88864-474-9
  • Wilkins, Nigel, Musical Encounters, London, Austin Macaulay, 2018.

外部链接

#康考迪亚大学荣誉博士 #20世紀古典音樂作曲家 #蘇格蘭裔加拿大人 #加拿大同伴勳章授勳者 #21世紀古典音樂作曲家 #多伦多皇家音乐学院校友 #德國裔加拿大人

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