計算員

計算員（英語：Computer或human computer）是電子計算機發明以前，專門從事數學計算工作的人員，他們通常要分組進行冗長的計算。這項工作起源於17到18世紀的天文學計算。在二次大戰期間，許多女性成為計算員，參與了包括曼哈頓計畫在內的許多計算工作，這些計算員有許多後來從事早期計算機科學的發展。

參考文獻

• Grier, David Alan, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160308075109/http://www.philsoc.org/2001Spring/2132transcript.html The Human Computer and the Birth of the Information Age], Joseph Henry Lecture, Philosophical Society of Washington, May 11, 2001.
• Grier, David Alan, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060821120909/http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/titles/7999.html When Computers Were Human], Princeton University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-691-09157-9.

外部連結

• [http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/Gallery/Photo/People/HTML/E49-0053.html Early NACA human computers at work] , photograph, October 1949.
• [http://www.thenewatlantis.com/archive/12/skinner.htm The Age of Female Computers] , by David Skinner

*[http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Pickering/PickeringRefs.html Sonoma University]
*[http://www.wellesley.edu/Astronomy/Annie/career.html Wellesley]